Abstract This study investigates the use of forensic linguistics tools in police interrogation texts. It identifies the problem of the lack of approaches informed by forensic linguistics used in the process of police interrogation. Two research questions are posed regarding the relative effectiveness of FL-informed approaches compared to usual approaches...
Introduction White-collar crime is an essential modern issue that may lead to irreparable consequences. It includes illegal enrichment or the pursuit of other personal goals by a person using one’s power, authority, or fame. Thus, the individual puts pressure on others or uses financial opportunities to achieve one’s own aims....
Introduction Kendra Espinoza and a group of other low-income mothers brought the lawsuit on behalf of their children who attended Stillwater Christian School in Kalispell. The case Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue went to trial on January 22, 2020. Scholars argued that individuals and firms who donate to scholarship...
History knows so many examples of crimes about humanity and humanity. Every war can already be regarded as an act of anti-humanism, because people, many people, have died in every one of them. However, to understand the reason for such a radical approach toward other nations and countries it is...
Introduction It has long been debated in criminological circles whether or not the law as presently constituted is the result of a society-wide agreement concerning wrongful behavior. Canadian criminology underwent a revolution as foreign influences with regard to the nature and origin of crime permeated academic criminology (Menzies & Chunn,...
Serial killing or serial murder is a term used to refer to the brutal murder of at least two individuals by the same person in separate incidents. However, serial killing is not an ordinary event because it does not resonate with the nature of individuals. Several psychologists and researchers venture...
The advancement of DNA technology has proved significant in solving challenging cases at any given time. News released by The Mount Airy News on April 7, 2022, affirms the power and potency of the new DNA technology. After 30 years, police achieved their first arrest for the murder of Nona...
Introduction Crime has become one of the greatest problems facing humanity in the contemporary generation. Although criminology is historical, its higher rates are observed in modern society compared to the early centuries. Many people associate the increasing crime rates with technological advancements and other forms of progression in modern society....
Incentive institutions are an important type of legal incentive in penitentiary law. Among all types of release from punishment, the most widely used was conditional early release. Clear et al. (2017) note that currently about 77% of convicts are released on parole and remain under correctional supervision. Parole is aimed...
Eyewitness identification is a significant step in prosecuting a criminal. The justice system has relied on eyewitness accounts and descriptions of suspects to convict numerous criminals and keep society safe. However, there is a growing concern about the accuracy of eyewitness identification, as some identification cases result in wrongful prosecution....
Introduction Probation is a treatment that enables criminals to avoid being incarcerated, while parole enables them to get released from prison after serving a given portion of their sentence. The goal of parole and probation is to allow the criminal offenders to rehabilitate as they get back to society hence...
Introduction Racial and ethnic minorities are often victimized by the groups in power. Social inequality is reflected in all spheres of daily life and is often institutionalized, with prominent social institutions legitimizing and perpetuating unequal treatment of different groups. This tendency is particularly evident in law enforcement, with racial profiling...
Introduction The present-day prison status in the U.S. makes one think that America is the most dangerous society in the world. According to Rubin (2021), America has over two million prisoners and an incarceration rate of 698 per 100,000 citizens, the highest in history worldwide. Many ex-convicts in the U.S....
The significant problems of modern forensic science in the United States are of progressively growing public interest. State activities related to detecting and investigating fatal crimes are an essential element of the judicial system. Moreover, if the mechanism described above does not work or produces false conclusions, it may result...
Domestic violence is intentional acts of a physical, psychological, or sexual nature by a family member against another family member, violating their rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests and causing them physical and mental suffering. Domestic violence can affect anyone, whether a child, an adult, an older person, a woman, or...
The effectiveness of corrective policies largely depends on how they are formulated. Therefore, although some concepts seem apparent at first glance, careful assessment is necessary to avoid erroneous interpretations. This is the main problem of applying correctional policies in case of recidivism. Experience has shown that different approaches to assessing...
Abstract A criminal investigation is a complex task for law enforcement agencies that are constantly being improved for the benefit of society. It operates with direct and indirect evidence, yet the latter is often challenging to utilize without sufficient knowledge of the psychology of a criminal (Brandl, 2019). Criminal profiling...
People with mental illnesses are hard to be conscious of their actions, and consequently, they may be engaged in criminality more often. When examining criminal acts, investigators tend to pay attention to the external details of the offense, whereas the internal state of offenders is often considered unimportant. The one...
The couple met first in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Nina was last seen alive on September 3, 2006. The key witnesses were a forensic technician, police, and a traffic officer. A sample of blood matching Nina Reiser’s DNA was found on a bag in Hans Reiser’s car and on a pillar...
Introduction Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer is a widely studied serial killer whose crimes involved unimaginable acts on the deceased bodies, including dismemberment, cannibalism, body parts preservation, and necrophilia. His offenses claimed the lives of around seventeen boys and young men. A detailed analysis of the life of this criminal could shed...
The term “deinstitutionalization” refers to a practice of transferring individuals with mental illness institutionalized settings to community-based treatment. In the USA, this process began to be implemented actively in the middle of the 20th century with the introduction of antipsychotic medication. Deinstitutionalization is currently one of the most topical issues...
Introduction Modern conflict resolution in criminal practice is increasingly turning to the use of restorative justice. Such practice helps to balance between justice system’s goals of punishment, rehabilitation, and community safety. According to US national statistics, 32 states adopted legislation confirming the possibility of using restorative justice (Pavelka, 2016). Although...
Summary Crime rates are a critical indicator of the status quo in the nation. Crime rates can vary significantly and be affected by a range of aspects ranging from geography to the economic situation and the demographic makeup, educational levels, and prevalent family structures in the population. Studying crime rates...
Introduction Globalization and civilization moved human society from a barter-trade system to the use of money as means of trade. Consequently, human beings find pleasure in money and would do anything possible to have money and accumulate wealth. Capitalism is an economic system that resulted from the use of money...
Profiling in modern criminal justice is an extremely common technology assisting professionals in better decision making. In particular, artificial intelligence helps the police in preventing crime and reducing the overall number of criminal cases (CBS News [00:30]). However, data-driven criminal justice activities may lead to worse racial discrimination and racial...
Criminological theories are inextricably linked to psychology: they are essential keys to understanding criminal behavior. Psychologically oriented criminological theories seek to explain criminal behavior by exploring links to personality, cognition, and intelligence. Psychodynamic theory, behavioral theory, and cognitive theory are the three main psychologically oriented-criminological theories that clarify the factors...
The technology marks progress, but law enforcement agencies’ slow introduction of innovative gadgets into work is strange since this could improve and facilitate many processes. The article “Introducing 3D printed models as demonstrative evidence at criminal trials” highlights a precedent in which a 3D printed model was used as evidence...
Introduction Cocaine is an addictive drug and occurs naturally in coca plants from South America. The drug poses several risks to a person’s well-being, such as paranoia, anger issues, irritability, nausea, constriction of blood vessels, over-excitement, respiratory complications, and pneumonia. Despite these effects, some people still smuggle small quantities of...
Introduction Charles Manson is among the most notorious criminals in history, most known for his involvement in the horrific killings of Sharon Tate and several other innocent Hollywood citizens. The Tate-LaBianca murders, also known as the Manson Family killings, fundamentally changed America’s concept of its own identity in the wake...
The increase in the overall level of crime, and homicide, in particular, is a severe problem in today’s US society. According to public data, the notable increase began in 2020, when the number of registered cases in the category mentioned above increased by 27 percent (Lopez, 2022, par. 1). Thousands...
Introduction Criminal gang activity is unlawful activities carried out by a continuing organization that forms to commit crimes and knowingly participates in a sequence of criminal gang operations. A good example is the mafia, which is a hierarchically organized group of criminals mostly of Sicilian or Italian ancestry (AcemoÄźlu et...
Introduction Multiculturalism is a policy that presupposes cultural pluralism and promotes its development. This is due to respect for the rights of the entire population of any country, regardless of ethnic, racial, and religious differences of people. In a multiculturalist society, all citizens of the country have equal rights to...
Introduction The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is a branch of government that is responsible for the management of justice. It comprises institutions that propagate this agenda through the acts of prosecution or/and imprisonment. In the case of the United Kingdom, the CJS is a collective body formed by the police,...
Dancygier et al. (2021) studied the issue of the manifestation of hate crime concerning refugees based on their demographic characteristics. The study’s main objective was to determine the extent to which Male Competition affects the perception of refugees among the male population. The desire to highlight this aspect is that...
Methodology Reflection and Preparation The central research issue is the identification of the causes of cyberbullying as an international activity from the perspective of criminology and the analysis of existing preventive methods. In this context, survey research is the most appropriate quantitative research method for the proposed project. It features...
Introduction Criminality and criminal justice are vast fields that differ across cultures and time dynamics. While one activity is legally punishable in one community, it may be the norm in other cultures. Despite the disparities in legality and criminal laws, people commit crimes all over the world. Thus, scholars and...
The Kastle–Meyer test is a presumptive blood test that justifies the presumption of the presence of blood. In this test, the chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect the possible presence of hemoglobin. The Rapid Stain Identification of Human Blood (RSID Hb) test is the confirmatory test that verifies the...
Introduction While no criminal justice system is perfect, the goal is to create a model that is fair and just to all people. The US justice system, depending on the point of view, operates either from the due process or crime control models. In order to understand whether it is...
The emergence of cybercrime due to the development of computer technologies has become a significant issue in recent years. Cybercrime is a type of unlawful behavior that is committed through the use of digital devices and computer networks (Johansen, 2020). Instances of cybercrime involve depriving people of sensitive information for...
Law enforcement is an important part of any country’s political and social systems. Police officers and other law enforcement workers are responsible for establishing justice. Therefore, it is essential to ensure an efficient and well-functioning system of policing that will allow not only to address the incidents of crime as...
Introduction Over the years, crime analysis has remained one of the most effective strategies for decreasing crimes and ensuring citizens’ safety. There exist several ways of analyzing the crimes and figuring out the motives of the criminals, but the most common and effective ones are tactical, strategic, and administrative analyses....
How political white collar crime differs from state crime or state-organized crime In order to find out how exactly white-collar crime may differ from such crimes as stage organized or state, it is crucially important to clear up the meanings of each of the above-mentioned crimes and pay attention to...
Introduction A criminal investigation is juxtaposed with a jigsaw puzzle. This is simply because it is only the investigators who have some clues, but they lack a picture of how the pieces can be played together. For an investigation to be complete, the investigators have to go to many places...
Introduction Predominantly, a specific type of crime is assigned a certain punishment. However, in practice, there are many cases of incorrect sentencing. This may arise as a result of some legal subtleties or insufficient evidence. The constitutional issue that will be discussed in this study is unusual and cruel punishment...
Introduction Forensic science entails the use of scientific techniques to collect and examine evidence from a crime or suspected crime scene. The collected evidence is examined and presented in a court of law. Criminalists are individuals who use their knowledge to evaluate evidence from a crime scene. Law courts have...
Minimum items of protective equipment: Latex gloves – key tool, allows the investigator to interact with the scene and evidence without leaving DNA and fingerprints. Facemask – respiratory protection where risk of exposure could be dangerous, in the context of modern events, also vital for health and public safety reasons....
Introduction The right of counsel is meant to protect the accused from an unfair trial. It is guaranteed by the 6th Amendment to the US Constitution. The lawyer in question must be effective as this is the only way that an adequate defense may be provided (Jaffe 1471). Anyone who...
The Social Learning Theory is one of the key theoretical models that explain how people become involved in committing crimes. To clearly state that this theory is useful for explaining persons’ involvement in crimes, it is necessary to refer to the theory evaluation with the help of the following criteria...
Introduction An Overview A large number of prisoners in the United States’ criminal justice system are victims of drugs and substance abuse. The problem of drug addiction and abuse is one of the factors that have contributed to these inmates becoming repeat offenders (Hiller, Knight, & Simpson, 1999). Several scholars...
The criminal justice system assumes responsibility for maintaining social order and protecting citizens from crime, but numerous ethical violations within the system reduce its efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of ethical leadership in criminal justice and review the traits, which are the most important...
Definition of Rape and Sexual Assault The FBI defines rape and sexual assault the following way: “Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim” (Frequently Asked...
The juvenile justice policy chosen Today, the Juvenile Justice System faces many challenges with delinquent youths that have problems related to substance abuse. Substance abuse among the adolescents usually leads to frequent or serious problems. In the U.S., substance use and abuse among adolescent’s accounts for significant morbidity and mortality...
White-collar crime refers to crimes committed by people of high social status who hold a respectable position in society. White-collar crime is usually committed during the undertaking of one occupational activity. Criminology attempts to explain the underlying causes of white-collar crime from different perspectives. Examples of white-collar crime include cyber-crime,...
Defendant Casey Marie Anthony was charged, tried, and acquitted of the death penalty in the murder of her daughter, Caylee. Rockefeller (2016) states that her background before the trial is objectively consistent with the hypothesis of the mother killing the child since the woman led a riotous lifestyle. The lead...
Introduction Background Crime refers to the contravention of the regulations of behavior set by the society as stipulated and articulated by a legal criminal code made by a group with social and political power ( Husik and Rudolf, 2009). People who go against these rules are liable to punishments by...
Organized crimes mostly entail criminal organizations; they could be transnational, local, or could be deeply rooted in a region where they perform as enterprises. Organized crimes have set up cartels that illegally trade arms and ammunition and this has greatly compromised the security of Russians. This has made Russia become...
Introduction Cases of fire investigation can be challenging to investigators. To ensure that a substantive and accurate report on origin and cause is established, a scientific method as an elaborate approach should be used. (Chandler 130). This is because the approach is based on principles that are proven as opposed...
Introduction Criminology is the science that studies people’s unique behavior under certain circumstances and their justification for committing crime (Siegel, 2011). Through a deep understanding of the reason, one can be able to initiate the ways of controlling the criminal activities and possibly counsel the criminals. This paper is a...
Organized crime can be defined in several different ways based on academia and jurisdictions’ perspectives. Despite the similarities in these definitions, there are distinct characters that identify a particular group as an organized crime from the other criminal groups. According to sociologists, organized crime is a vague term that cannot...
Introduction Children are regarded as the future of society and for this reason; adults endeavor to give them the best opportunities to become productive members of the community. In spite of this goodwill from adults, there are still children and youth who engage in criminal behavior. These juvenile delinquents are...
Introduction The need to belong to some part of the society of the family can be inspired by a number of motives but gangs have territories in which they operate of a claim on turf (Esbensen, 2001, p. 105). The territory could be a block, a whole neighborhood or even...
A criminal investigation has become more advanced with the introduction of DNA profiling systems. With the increasing sophistication of criminals, it would be quite impossible to convict criminals in the absence of forensic science. Thus with the use of evidence that would have been invisible to the naked eye, it...
The History of White Collar Crime White-collar crime is a non-violent form of crime committed mostly in the corporate world by persons who hold positions that allow them to control financial dealings and transactions. It is mostly committed for the purpose of financial gain mostly in commercial transactions through activities...
In legal terms, crimes are acts or omissions that are prohibited by law and can be punished either by fine or imprisonment. The common examples of crime are murder, robbery, tax payment failure, child neglect, rape, and others. However, the key understanding of crime lies in the identification of what...
It is now generally acknowledged in criminology and criminal law that organized crime as constituted in contemporary contexts is perpetuated under the precepts of two broad-based models, namely bureaucratic and patron-client organizations (Van Dijk, 2007). It is important to note that a bureaucratic criminal enterprise is governed by a hierarchy...
Introduction Narrative and background information Closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs) are increasingly becoming common in major cities around the world. Kroener defines closed-circuit television as a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed, but are monitored primarily for surveillance and security purposes (122). According to research by Kennedy, there are...
Introduction The concept of organized crime is often used in reference to illegal activities conducted by conspiratorial criminal groups or organizations with the goal of making money (Wright 12). Most of organized crime groups are structured in the pyramid shaped hierarchal business formats. These criminal organizations use violence and bribery...
Introduction It is possible to note that the modern judicial system is based on the principle of retributive, restorative, and parallel justice but when it comes to homicide the former seems to be the most appropriate form of justice. It is possible to consider a case of a murderer to...
Introduction As it would be observed, criminal investigation has never been conducted fairly all the time. While there has been notable success in criminal investigation matters, it seems most likely that, many people in this world have been convicted of crimes they did not commit. This has been as a...
Introduction Nicole Brown, O.J. Simpson’s divorced wife, was found stabbed to death together with her friend Ronald Goldman at night on June 12, 1994, two years after she had divorced Simpson. The latter was charged with the crime but his defense team got him acquitted after a lengthy criminal trial...
Introduction Comprehensive discussion of juvenile delinquency and crimes is a difficult task that researchers encounter in their day-to-day studies. Several factors may contribute towards children’s deviant behaviors. Biological, psychological, and social factors contribute heavily towards the development of theories of juvenile deliquescent. The social causes of crimes committed by children...
Description, production, and reporting of UCR UCR, or Uniform Crime Reports, are a series of important data for police department aimed at tracking the statistics and numerical data that affects the stability and accuracy of crime investigation. The reporting is produced by the Federal Bureau of Investigation that has been...
White-collar crimes are crimes that affluent people commit in the society due to their position of influence or occupation. In this context, fiduciary fraud is a type of white-collar crime in which a person or financial institution entrusted with money or property commits by going against the terms and conditions...
Introduction According to me, organized crime can be described as a group of people whether employed or non-employed who makes money through illegal activities such as extortion, corruption, drug syndicates, and other forms of force. Most of the times they make money by spreading fear and intimidation throughout the community...
Introduction Criminal Law is considered a branch of law that is responsible for dealing with crimes committed against public authority and where penalties are applicable (AbadPinsky 58). In other words, it is a penal law involving the prosecution of behaviors considered to be a crime. Criminal law usually includes criminal...
Introduction In the field of criminology, the theory of rational choice has adopted a kind of utilitarian belief. In this belief, a man who is the character that is involved in crime is an actor who before engaging in any crime or any other act, weighs the end results that...
Introduction Crime analysis is an upcoming branch in law enforcement and is the act of analyzing crime, more precisely, it is the placing of criminal acts into their respective categories in order to find out the nature and reports arising from the investigations through the application of systematic and analytical...
Introduction The study of crime has been in existence for many centuries but has only gained prominence in recent times. This can mostly be attributed to popularization by the media especially in the West. Psychologists and criminal profilers have been gathering valuable data pertaining to the reasons behind any criminal...
Introduction Personal crimes are crimes against a person; they are crimes that are directed to an individual and damage or injury can be traced on the victim. In most cases they are optimistic crimes, whereby the criminal takes the advantage of a situation. They include the following assault; battery, mayhem,...
Organized crime There is no common definition of the term organized crime with different legal institutions defining it differently. One of the factors that have led to the term organized crime being hard to define is the inclusion of the term “organized.” There is a big list of activities that...
Introduction In the last two decades, police experts especially in the US, have come up with new philosophies that would improve and help deal with crime more effectively. These new philosophies are community policing and problem-solving policing which have attracted a lot of debate even outside the US because they...
Introduction Knowledge-based policing is a policing approach that has surfaced recently. This kind of policing approach is based on the principles of risk analysis and management. Even though, there is no common agreement on what this kind of approach entails, it is believed to be a calculated, future-oriented and as...
Introduction to criminal justice: Criminal justice, which basically deals with criminal conduct, covers terrorism, computer crimes, drug abuse and trafficking and legal issues. Different nations have different criminal justice systems. Inquisitorial criminal justice system: It is a type of a criminal justice system in which the court is actually involved in investigations...
Most Important People to Interview Interviewing people that are researching computer-related crimes and computer forensic in general should mostly include interviewing the people that defined the computer forensic science. It is important to interview such researchers as their publications determined the way that computer forensic is now going; they have...
Police Misconduct Concept The police are a powerful legal and social institute which consists of a complex system of responsibilities, duties, and goals for each worker in the field. It is based on such principles as openness, credibility, responsiveness, justice, and legality. However, these major pillars might be violated and...
Introduction Debates about causes of crime have been raging on and they revolve around economic models of causation that deal with the utility of crime. These debates make powerful connections between social and economic structure and the prevalence of crime (Neubeck 67). Therefore poverty has been regarded as multiple causative...
Introduction The protection of society has to be visible and measurable for the public to see that it lives in a secure, crime-free environment. Different measures have been introduced to address this issue. Incarceration rates are sometimes named as one of them. In the U.S., incarceration rates are higher than...
Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (1960-1994) – a sexually motivated serial killer otherwise known as the Milwaukee Cannibal. The span of killings before being apprehended took place from June 18th, 1978 to July 19th, 1991 (Ohio and Wisconsin). Dahmer was responsible for gruesomely murdering seventeen young men whom he used to fulfill...
Introduction This paper will discuss the effects of the death penalty on violent crime in the United States of America. This paper will give its opinion regarding the effectiveness of the death penalty. Whether the youth should be punished through the death penalty will also be discussed. Whether the death...
Introduction Various theories seek to explain crimes, who perpetrate them, and for what driving forces make perpetrators commit crimes. These theories are subdivided into categories according to the reasons why crimes are committed. The strain theory and Merton’s theory of anomie seek to explain the social reasons behind criminal acts....
Introduction Kelling and Wilson (1982) proposed the broken window theory from a psychological and criminology point of view. The theory proposes that if a building has one window that is broken and then ignored and left in that state for a significant amount of time, the remaining windows in that...
Introduction The rising rate of crime is a very serious issue, which cannot be overlooked by any country. The rising rate of crime goes to show that the values instilled in children by their parents have been long forgotten. Each and every day there are numerous instances of crime taking...
Introduction A serial killer is an individual who murders about three people in a period of more than thirty years. Such individuals kill and cool off before killing again making it quite difficult to identify them. In most of the cases investigated on serial killer, it is hard to determine...
Introduction The possession of guns in the United States has recently been rising and this can be attributed to the rising crime rates in the country. The government has been trying to come up with reasonable laws about the gun control but it has been facing opposition from many quarters....
Introduction There is available research to indicate that there are gender biases within the criminal justice system. Based on this research, women appear to be on the receiving need of this biasness, compared with their male counterparts. Since males dominate the criminal justice system, this could be a pointer to...
Introduction The problem of crime is one of the constant problems which attract the attention of researchers. The sociologists, historians, economists reflect on the origins of violations of law and are looking for the reasons, but in many situations, there is a rising crime, the decline of morality and ethics,...
Introduction The invention of the gun has brought more worries to the world than it has brought safety in many instances. It has been an instrumental defense tool meant to protect one from invading danger. Unfortunately many are times when guns are misused. Initially, guns were manufactured for military action...
More and more people own guns nowadays, but many of such owners abuse power received through the weapon. Cases when individuals use guns not for protection but for violent assaults have become rather frequent. Thus, it is crucial to enact more gun control laws in order to restrict mass shootings,...
The justice system is an integral element of any society as it helps to protect citizens and ensure the preservation of order. The functioning of the given sphere is an extremely complex process as multiple laws limit people in their actions and create a legal framework that is needed to...
