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Description of the Case In human resource management, some cases bring attention to the managing team, especially if they affect the working time, productivity, and other metrics. In this case study, the managing director (MD) is torn between whether to execute punitive actions against employees who have shown various concerns...
Summary of the Case The legal claim concerned the liberty to privacy and the need for a legal basis to enter the premises. Arthur Lange asserted his right to a warrant and claimed an unlawful invasion. A California state court sided with the police officer and ruled that he could...
The International Association of Chiefs of Police defines a code of ethics that all police officers must follow. Law enforcement officers face many ethical issues daily when performing their duties. Some of the typical contemporary ethical issues involve honesty and the use of necessary force. An example of ethical concerns...
Introduction Sergeant Maynard is a young police supervisor who is tasked to practice adequate police supervision. Officers MaCallister and Timons have behavioral problems, which must be rectified before they lose their jobs. MaCallister is depressed as he acts out of order while Timons is eager to fight crime. Therefore, Maynard...
To: CEO From: NAME Subject: Creating a Sustainable Initiative Greetings, I am NAME, an administrator in the environmental department. I am writing to propose the adoption of an environmentally sustainable initiative to improve the company’s efficiency of operations. After a critical analysis of the company, I realized a significant amount...
Introduction Ashley Smith was a white Canadian teen girl who died of self-strangulation in women’s correctional perquisite on October 19, 2007. Ashley was spawned in the state of Original Brunswick on January 29, 1988, and was adopted at the phase of five days. She had a “usual” nurturing in Moncton,...
Million people worldwide require transplantation of organs that can save them from death. The official medical system promotes volunteer donations of organs and exploits the bodies of the deceased. Patients are included in waiting lists and have to wait for operations for a long time; consequently, sometimes their organs turn...
The DMCA is an anti-piracy regulation adopted in 1998, which makes it illegal to circumvent copy protections to prevent pirates from replicating computerized products and selling or openly distributing them. It also makes it impossible to create and sell tools or strategies by evading copy restrictions. However, the highly contested...
Introduction A courtroom is an important entity of the trial process where the parties voice their arguments, and the judges make decisions regarding the case. The energy that the listeners feel during the speeches of the representatives can affect the decision-making process. This factor explains why it is important to...
Research on tax compliance is a thought-provoking task because tax returns are private, and people have a conferred interest in lowering their tax accountabilities. The tax evasion case against Richard Hatch provides a rare knowledge into ethical issues surrounding taxation. Richard Hatch won one million dollars in the introduction season...
Security broadly refers to the protection of the integral substance of people in a fashion that strengthens human freedoms and human dignity. It means safeguarding the well-being of individuals, families, communities, nations, and the entire globe in which people live from violent and pervasive threats and circumstances. According to Stekic...
The right to be forgotten denotes the possibility of removing graphic or irrelevant negative information. At first glance, it seems practical, giving celebrities with exposed private images and former convicts the right to start over. But this issue is not as simple as one might think, for many complications follow...
Cap and trade is a form of emissions trading that allows the government to regulate the number of greenhouse gasses released into the atmosphere while reducing the number of organizations depending on solutions such as coal as a power source. Cap-and-trade allows the market and producers to determine the carbon...
Executive Summary Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as an area of interest with more social and economic benefits expectations of expectations. The UAE is at the heart of the AI revolution, becoming a global tech advocate and innovator to transform various sectors, including enhancing national security. However, amidst this increased...
Introduction The case at issue revolves around the events of 2001 when two defendants, Celestine Okwilagwe and Loveth Isidaehomen, being a husband and wife, set up a business to provide home care for older adults. Their organization was named Elder Care Home Health Services, LLC and was in demand in...
Setting a precedent and, therefore, establishing the framework that would, later on, be used as the default for determining the outcomes of court cases is one of the characteristics of the U.S Court that relies heavily on the unbiased nature of the proceedings. However, at the early stage of the...
Law and order are among the most significant aspects that lead to the stability of the communities within a country since it enables different individuals to live with utmost respect and harmony. The judicial system within a nation is the arm of the government that ensures that there is law...
Introduction Currently, the United States is exposed to numerous complex and aggressive threats that revolve around the concept of foreign intelligence and unrecognized actors. The government recurrently attempts to identify and neutralize most of these threats. Counterintelligence represents a dynamic issue that places a serious burden on the shoulders of...
It was not until the 19th to 20th centuries that intellectual property law was accepted globally. Intellectual property refers to exclusive rights either to an individual or a company to protect their innovations, such as artistic works. This means that no other person can copy their creation, which is punishable...
The Problem The shortage of donor organ supply is a persistent global public health problem. In this case, the demand for body parts used for transplants usually surpasses the supply in the market. Recent statistics show that 106,504 candidates are on the waiting list for various organs in the United...
Case: Mitchell v. Wisconsin (2019). Facts: The parties are represented by Gerald Mitchell and the state of Wisconsin. The case features a case of driving under the influence of alcohol. However, as Mitchell was stopped by a police officer, he could not undergo the blood test due to his lethargic state....
Introduction What types of strategies the Department of Homeland security undertakes to counterterrorism and terrorist threats? The current efforts focus on four core goals, where intelligence sharing between agencies should be improved by the reduction of procedural barriers in order to boost preventative measures against terrorism. Statement of Facts The...
Series such as Treadstone has publicized the Central Investigation Agency (CIA) as a unit in the government where it uses humans as bait for national security purposes, which begs the question, is this what the agency entails? True to its mission, the CIA is tasked with evaluating and investigating matters...
The question of the right of the native people over land use has been an issue of discussion over the past years. The US constitution allows Native Americans to use the lands for beneficial purposes, which may be economic. However, the federal government restricts the use of the land to...
The choice between privacy and security is a hotly debated subject, and the current development in technology elevates it to a new level of moral dilemma. Modern technology allows companies and the government to collect every bit of information about people from phones and social media they use. Those who...
Regulation Description Medicare Access and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) is the act that significantly changed the healthcare system of the United States. The act is primarily related to reimbursing medical providers. MACRA has several purposes connected with the Medicare and Children’s Health Insurance programs...
Case: STATE of North Carolina v. Paul Dennis McCLENDON, Jr. (1999) Facts: Paul McClendon was driving a station wagon on Interstate 85 in Greensboro. He was closely following a minivan, with both exceeding the speed limit by 7mph. A patrolling officer Sergeant T.L. Cardwell approached the vehicles, making eye contact with...
The Kastle–Meyer test is a presumptive blood test that justifies the presumption of the presence of blood. In this test, the chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect the possible presence of hemoglobin. The Rapid Stain Identification of Human Blood (RSID Hb) test is the confirmatory test that verifies the...
Precedent Common Law System Common law is the law of the body that is customarily deployed upon judicial decisions and incorporates reports of cases that have been decided. The courts in England have managed the Common Law since some days back. It has emitted the legal system found in British...
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) is the law that supplements the US copyright law with directives taking into account the modern technological achievements in copying and distributing information. It was developed to implement the WIPO Copyright Act and the Performances and Phonograms Act; it passed unanimously in the US Senate...
Introduction Zoning is a planning control tool used by the municipality and other city governments to divide lands into segments in which the statutory authority permits the use of certain lands. The use of this tool is significant as it allows the authority to control and ensure complementary use of...
Introduction There are multiple theories applicable to the study of delinquency in general and juvenile delinquency in particular. Although they all aim to answer roughly the same question of how delinquent behaviors emerge for the first time and which factors contribute to their continuation, the approaches and focuses differ. One...
Community-oriented policing is the partnership of law enforcement and the communities in identifying and resolving societal issues. It was initially intended to minimize crime and fear of crime by employing the same officer in the same locality for an extended time (Carter & Fox, 2019). It was thought that for...
Abstract Reproduction is a core part of human life and determines the quality and longevity of life. Although conception and birth are expected to be voluntary, many women have fallen victims to unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. According to Barton et al. (2017), unplanned pregnancies result in psychological problems among women....
Introduction Nurse staffing is among the main challenges in the US healthcare system that require appropriate legislation. The “Nurse Staffing Standards for Hospital Patient Safety and Quality care act of 2019” is an active bill that majors on nurse staffing in hospitals (Della Volpe, 2021). It provides guidelines on the...
The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center shocked the country to such an extent that the United States undertook dramatic strategic policy changes in the name of strengthening national security. This work examines US foreign policy in its direct connection with the emergency security measures provoked by the tragedy....
Abstract E-learning benefits both students and instructors enormously. Students can complete their studies online at their own pace while employing multimedia to meet their educational requirements. This research work demonstrates how educators in Massachusetts are enhancing student learning through the use of e-learning opportunities. This study focuses on understanding technological...
One of the crime prevention tactics is deterrence – the idea that the threat of punishment can stop one from breaking the law. According to Bates and Swan (2021), the concept of deterrence arises from utilitarianism. People try to maximize their happiness, and the role of the government is to...
Background The law plays an imperative role in society because it serves as a control tool for nations. It provides appropriate rules and regulations that dictate required behavior among citizens of a country while maintaining an equal practice of power within the three arms of government (Markovits, 2020). Republics are...
Introduction The United States Constitution provides U.S. citizens with a range of vital rights and protections. The document provides various levels and branches of government with power to act on certain statutes through policy and enforcing. However, as a document written centuries ago with amendments being added historically, the Constitution...
Restorative justice is an approach to re-establishing the balance between the primary stakeholders of a committed crime in the form of dialogue. This approach aims at healing rather than punishment, including the discussion of the offender’s accountability and respect for all participants. The current restorative justice programs for juvenile offenders...
The USA Patriot Act was enacted to discourage and penalize terrorists in the United States as well as across the globe. Following September 11, 2001, terrorist assault on the U.S., Congress approved the above the law (Oliver et al., 2015). The act revised the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which had...
Different departments of the federal agencies in the United States were unified to create the Homeland Security department. Creating this Department aimed to make America more secure and ensure that its citizens were safe (Oliver et al., 2019). Developing a coordinated national strategy to protect America from threats and attacks...
Responsible Entities Country The entity responsible for managing human resources in the country Name Link Saudi Arabia Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development in Saudi Arabia hrsd.gov.sa UAE Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE) www.mohe.gov.ae Sweden Swedish Public Employment Service (SPES) www2.arnes.se Germany La Direction de l’Animation de...
As pharmaceuticals and biotechnology companies announced the completion of clinical trials testing the vaccine against COVID-19 and received emergency use authorization, all states started introducing it. Like any other vaccination, the shots against the SARS-CoV-2 are voluntary. Although many people in the United States received their vaccinations, the U.S. has...
For a better understanding of what people and the state can and cannot do in relation to each other, special rules have been created. Their study is necessary for a better understanding of what is happening in the country. This paper analyzes the commonality and differences of the Bill of...
Introduction The case Marbury v. Madison originated in 1801 and was decided in 1803 by four judges. It was one of the most important cases in American law history since it introduced the power of judicial review. Judicial review nowadays represents the power of the federal judiciary to review and...
Introduction Privacy issues are particularly important in the contemporary world of intensified communication and interaction between people and organizations through conventional media and digital communication. The technologies advance rapidly globally, imposing new requirements for the legislative system to respond to the changes and identify and regulate possible threats to the...
Introduction Privacy laws regulate how a government, public or private organizations, and individuals can use and store confidential information. All democratic states guarantee the freedom of opinion and communication in the Constitution, but legislation concerning privacy varies. Private information usually includes personally identifiable data such as full name, telephone, address,...
Introduction Millions of people in the United States are incarcerated due to a wide range of laws and procedures. Although there has been no evidence against them, those who have faced charges could face longer prison or jail sentences if convicted. The “War on Crime” resulted in these laws and...
Case: Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) 381 U.S. 479 Facts: The appellant is represented by the Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut and its executive director Griswold. Appellee is the State of Connecticut responsible for the law making contraceptives illegal (Griswold et al. v. Connecticut, 1965). The appellants were accused of providing married...
Introduction This work will be devoted to comparing the Bill of Rights to the US Constitution, adopted in 1791, and the Constitution of the State of Florida, namely Article One, which declares the rights of a citizen of the State. It is important to note that both documents have quite...
The Bill of Rights has set the foundation for ensuring every citizens’ safety, agency, and dignity. The constitution of each state shares principal ideas with the Bill of Rights, as the Constitution of Florid exemplifies. Although the Constitution of Florida does not mirror the Bill of Rights exactly, it still...
Introduction While no criminal justice system is perfect, the goal is to create a model that is fair and just to all people. The US justice system, depending on the point of view, operates either from the due process or crime control models. In order to understand whether it is...
Introduction When a juvenile is arrested for delinquency, he or she must be informed of their legal rights as soon as possible. It is important to note that the Attorney General (US Attorney) will be informed (Kratcoski, 2020). The juvenile’s parents, guardian, or custodian must be advised of their arrest,...
The emergence of cybercrime due to the development of computer technologies has become a significant issue in recent years. Cybercrime is a type of unlawful behavior that is committed through the use of digital devices and computer networks (Johansen, 2020). Instances of cybercrime involve depriving people of sensitive information for...
Introduction The regulation of relations in family law is based on the choice of applicable law to such categories as marriage, divorce, parental responsibility, etc. It is essential to pay attention to the issues of the option of connecting factors for the applicable law. Nationality as a category of human...
Law enforcement is an important part of any country’s political and social systems. Police officers and other law enforcement workers are responsible for establishing justice. Therefore, it is essential to ensure an efficient and well-functioning system of policing that will allow not only to address the incidents of crime as...
Introduction Over the years, crime analysis has remained one of the most effective strategies for decreasing crimes and ensuring citizens’ safety. There exist several ways of analyzing the crimes and figuring out the motives of the criminals, but the most common and effective ones are tactical, strategic, and administrative analyses....
The Tobacco Control Act was signed into law on June 22, 2009, to safeguard the public’s health and was created to provide a healthier future for every American. It is also known as Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act affords the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the power to...
Introduction Every democratic country is governed by a constitution that binds everyone, including the government. A constitution is grounded on precedents that act as the legal foundation from which a particular organization or body is governed. In the U.S. constitution, the bill of rights is contained in the first ten...
The federal legalization of marijuana is a controversial topic in America. Some states have legalized it for medical purposes, others for medical and recreational use, and others not. There are people on both sides of the debate on whether cannabis should be legalized nationally. Marijuana should be federally legalized because...
Issue: The contract agreement between Phar Lap Allevamento and Black Beauty Equestrian was created before the sudden imposing of additional 30% tariffs by the government on the Respondent’s side. The Responded made unlawful action when it rejected paying money to the seller. Rule: According to Lutz (2004), in 1964, a...
In the US, the ability to create legislation resides with Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The first step in creating a law is to have an idea for a law. The idea can come from anyone, including ordinary citizens. Once drafted, the bill is introduced...
Summary As the incarceration rate is too high, partly due to a minimum prison threshold and excessively long sentences, some states and Congress introduced several bills to reform the current order. None of the federal legislative initiatives had yet become law. Death sentences continue to be imposed in 31 states,...
Introduction Gideon v. Wainwright was a landmark case in the history of the United States Supreme Court. The case commenced in 1961 when Clarence Earl Gideon was accused of burglary from the pool hall in Panama City, Florida. Gideon claimed that he could not afford a lawyer during the first...
How political white collar crime differs from state crime or state-organized crime In order to find out how exactly white-collar crime may differ from such crimes as stage organized or state, it is crucially important to clear up the meanings of each of the above-mentioned crimes and pay attention to...
It is already known that corruption, as a social phenomenon, carries a real threat to the safety of any state. Nevertheless, traditional criminology for a long time ignored the problem of crimes related to the higher ranks of society. The first approach to understanding such crimes is connected to Edwin...
Provisions of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 The law requires that the covered employers provide employees with job security and unpaid leave for medical and family reasons. The Act permits employees to attend to family emergencies such as foster care and pregnancy-related cases that keep an individual...
In the modern world, there is an acute problem of youth gangs and violence associated with their activities. The socio-psychological specificity of the criminal group of minors is that it is the factor that forms antisocial views and needs in adolescents, contributes to the awareness of the strength of the...
People tend to use scopes of probable cause and reasonable suspicion interchangeably. However, they cover separate but related contexts which should not be misused. According to the United States’ Supreme Court, reasonable suspicion involves a situation where a prudent law enforcement agent relies on common sense beyond a conjectural hunch...
Introduction The prison population and facilities in the United States have been increasing over the past decades. The rise in the prison population is attributed to changes in the political system regarding the way sentences are executed. In 1960, there was a rise in crime, and this resulted to increased...
Introduction A criminal investigation is juxtaposed with a jigsaw puzzle. This is simply because it is only the investigators who have some clues, but they lack a picture of how the pieces can be played together. For an investigation to be complete, the investigators have to go to many places...
An Introduction Put simply, juvenile justice is concerned with children and youngsters who are younger than a particular age (most commonly, 18). From the perspective of our society, underage offenders are more vulnerable than adult ones and have specific needs. As a result, they require additional protections, which is why...
Introduction Modern society is characterized by rapid development in all spheres, but some aspects still cause debate. The right to life is a fundamental human right, without which all other rights and freedoms are meaningless. However, the problem of abortion is still relevant, especially in Texas, the United States of...
Introduction Companies must make decisions every day, from product creation to marketing to growth management plans, but most are based on solid business acumen and not on legal obligations. According to Shapira (2018), “law enforcement actions, such as litigation or regulatory investigations, extract information on the behavior of influential players...
Introduction Predominantly, a specific type of crime is assigned a certain punishment. However, in practice, there are many cases of incorrect sentencing. This may arise as a result of some legal subtleties or insufficient evidence. The constitutional issue that will be discussed in this study is unusual and cruel punishment...
Introduction Forensic science entails the use of scientific techniques to collect and examine evidence from a crime or suspected crime scene. The collected evidence is examined and presented in a court of law. Criminalists are individuals who use their knowledge to evaluate evidence from a crime scene. Law courts have...
The nurse staffing bill aims to provide guidelines on the standard registered nurse to patient ratios. It was enacted in response to a report indicating that optimal patient care is directly related to the number of nurses presented in a hospital ward. This bill provides a remedy against the unsafe...
Introduction The term “homeland security” is relatively new and relates only to the domestic politics of the United States. However, this concept has been especially influential in the last couple of decades. Considering the extent of domestic terrorism in the nation, the interest to and media coverage of the issues...
In 1949 Virgil D. Hawkins, a thirty-nine-year-old black male, applied for admission to the University of Florida College of Law. His application, as well as five other Black applicants, was rejected due to his racial origin, and Hawkins applied to the Supreme Court of Florida to appeal the decision (Paulson...
Minimum items of protective equipment: Latex gloves – key tool, allows the investigator to interact with the scene and evidence without leaving DNA and fingerprints. Facemask – respiratory protection where risk of exposure could be dangerous, in the context of modern events, also vital for health and public safety reasons....
Introduction A lot of international research work indicates that the contribution of copyright industries to economies of different countries is increasing, while at the same time becoming important (Canadian Heritage 2004). Copyright-Based (CB) industries have received numerous definitions such as that given by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) which...
A traffic stop, search, and seizure refers to the legal act of stopping an automobile, searching it, and seizing contraband or any material that is considered as evidence. This process does not require a warrant under certain conditions, even though the constitution protects citizens from unlawful stops and searches. According...
In every society worldwide, agencies exist which are tasked with the provision of correctional services and administering justice by managing individuals convicted by courts. In the United States, the corrections system is a branch of the criminal justice system which ensures that criminals’ sentences are carried out properly and timely....
Introduction The criminal justice organizations, which include the prosecution, police, courts, and correctional facilities, are complex public entities. In order to arrive at a prosecutorial decision, these establishments use risk-assessment techniques, classifications, case-management procedures in courts, and basic-data analysis methods (Stojkovic et al., 2015). The juvenile justice system is comprised...
The term environmental policy describes a set of rules, regulations, and laws that are enacted to protect the environment to ensure its sustainability. Environmental policies are used to protect different aspects of the environment such as wildlife, water, air and other natural resources in the ecosystem (Lars 98). The policies...
Introduction The topic of gun ownership among civilians in the United States has a long history of heated debates and has caused several controversies. The right to bear arms is given to the U.S. citizens in the Second Amendment, which states that “a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the...
Abstract Human trafficking is defined as the recruitment, transportation, sheltering, and receptor of human beings for the purpose of exploitation through involuntary servitude. More than 1,000,000 people, including men, women, and children are trafficked every year. There are three main types of human trafficking, namely sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and...
Consideration Within the framework of contract law, consideration is the notion responsible for outlining the link between the benefit received by the promisor and a service or product that is given up by the promisee in return. There is an alleged certain price that one would have to pay in...
Abstract The overrepresentation of African Americans and English language learners in special education have prompted much disquiet in the education society. Despite there being Acts like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which seek to ensure that all Americans access quality education regardless of their race, the overrepresentation of minority...
Collective bargaining is an important tool in every setting where people need to formalize agreements. At work, organized groups come up with terms and conditions of engagements to make a deal that bind their discussions. Diamond Casino started its operations some five years ago. The company has a collective bargaining...
Abstract Parole and probation are types of sentencing that are used in the United States. Parole involves the release of an offender before serving their full sentence in jail. On the other hand, probation is an alternative to a jail sentence that involves the supervision of an offender for a...
Introduction Since its advent, the doctrine of at-will has been an employment principle in the United States, which has continuously received mixed reactions, making it a controversial principle of employment (Dannin, 2007). In the United States, numerous states have presumed that all employment contracts are subject to the at-will doctrine....
The drug abuse and addiction suspect refusing to answer any papers by the state, resulting in imprisonment for two years with the possibility of rehabilitation, raises two primary concerns. First, the refusal to answer any inquiries by the state touches on the applicability and relevance of the constitutionally guaranteed right...
Introduction The right of counsel is meant to protect the accused from an unfair trial. It is guaranteed by the 6th Amendment to the US Constitution. The lawyer in question must be effective as this is the only way that an adequate defense may be provided (Jaffe 1471). Anyone who...
Delectables Management Kantian approach to business ethics to business approach seeks to emphasize the importance of honesty in carrying out business operations. The case of Delectables, a giant food manufacturing company is that of poor management, lack of business ethics and morals and lastly poor quality control system. The company...
Introduction Every government or authority charged with the obligation of meeting its people’s security needs in the world today does find itself tossing the question about the authenticity of gun ownership. The question that goes unanswered is whether gun ownership is a security right to those entitled or a security...
Turning to the consideration of the due process of law, it should be noted that this is not one but a whole set of doctrines. They together act as key guarantees of judicial protection of individual rights, implemented through the mechanism of constitutional review. The doctrine of the due process...
The Rome Convention (Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations 1980) has been replaced by the Rome I Regulation (Regulation 593 / 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations). The paper critically evaluates the impact that this has had on the area of choice of law in contract,...
Introduction One of the main elements of criminal justice is law enforcement. Law enforcement is carried out through policing. In the United States, police officers hold the primary responsibility of providing security by carrying out patrols. The main roles of police officers in the United States include carrying out investigations,...
Introduction In the context of international commercial activities, it is worth noting that conflicts are inevitable. The manner through which disputes, which involve two or more business entities from different nations, are resolved depends on how they are perceived by the individual parties (Stanley & Algert, 2007; Thomas, Thomas &...
Introduction The rate of juvenile delinquency is on the rise in the contemporary society. In 2008, over 6,318 youths aged between 10 and 17 were arrested for different offenses (Apel & Kaukinen, 2008). In 2009, the juvenile courts in the United States arbitrated at least 1.5 million felonies that involved...
The Social Learning Theory is one of the key theoretical models that explain how people become involved in committing crimes. To clearly state that this theory is useful for explaining persons’ involvement in crimes, it is necessary to refer to the theory evaluation with the help of the following criteria...
In the USA, every father is entitled to certain rights and responsibilities with respect to their children (Arendell, 2005). As such, a father does not have to obtain a court order to enjoy his parental rights as they are already guaranteed in the constitution. Therefore, as a father and a...
Introduction An Overview A large number of prisoners in the United States’ criminal justice system are victims of drugs and substance abuse. The problem of drug addiction and abuse is one of the factors that have contributed to these inmates becoming repeat offenders (Hiller, Knight, & Simpson, 1999). Several scholars...
Introduction Business law entails various legislations that determine how to start and conduct a business. The choice of an enterprise dictates the kind of laws that apply to that particular entity. For instance, it determines if the business will be sole entrepreneurship or a partnership. When the business is determined,...
Factors Considered In Deciding the Form of Legal Business Entity When starting a new business, it is very important to decide the form of legal entity which may be appropriate based on a number of factors. The legal entity can be sole proprietorship, partnerships (general and limited liability partnerships), limited...
Introduction White-collar crimes encompass nonviolent felonies executed for fiscal gains. Most of them are conspired by highly-ranked personnel within their organizations (Gottschalk 52). Notably, such crimes are not easily avoidable; however, they are taken as serious crimes by the federal government. Besides, they are committed at various levels by people...
The criminal justice system assumes responsibility for maintaining social order and protecting citizens from crime, but numerous ethical violations within the system reduce its efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of ethical leadership in criminal justice and review the traits, which are the most important...
Definition of Rape and Sexual Assault The FBI defines rape and sexual assault the following way: “Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim” (Frequently Asked...
The UK criminal justice system is shared between England and Wales. In the system, a criminal case is tried based on a document called indictment where the defendant is indicted on criminal charges by the prosecutor. The prosecutor does this on behalf of the Crown and after the police are...
Introduction Modern criminal trials in the United States comprise established legal procedures that have been evolving for centuries. Any criminal procedure complies with the set of rules that dictate how proceedings are organized. It is through these rules that the government enforces substantive criminal law. The types of misconduct that...
Abstract A proposal was developed from a case scenario based on statistics from the US Justice Department in 2003, which reflected the racial disparities in arrests and incarceration of African Americans relative to their White counterparts and other races in the US. As figures used in the study demonstrate, racial...
Negligence is when a person who owes a duty of care, fails to act according to the reasonable standard of care hence causing the injury (Charney & Hunter , 2011). A defendant must owe a duty of care to the plaintiff with a balance of probabilities and must be related...
Introduction Sexual harassment is a major challenge that many employees face in their workplaces. It is unethical and illegal to harass a person because of their gender. Sexual harassment occurs in numerous forms that include unwelcome sexual advances, inappropriate touching, and the use of language that is of a sexual...
The practice within the judicial system to incorporate the jury in criminal cases alongside the judge has a noble purpose in the administration of justice. The jury has a composition of vetted members of the public in the court of law to look into the facts in the criminal case...
Introduction Utilitarianism is among the main ethical philosophies to have been developed in the United Kingdom. This novel moral theory hinges on a posteriori knowledge that opinions result from human understanding. Utilitarianism refers to the conviction that the aptness of a decree, code, or an action should be determined using...
The definition of organized crime is dependent on the investigator. This definition is supposed to match that of the agency, jurisdiction or state. A proper definition helps in the formulation of solutions for problems that occur during an investigation. This paper looks at the definition of organized crime according to...
Introduction Like in the police force, change is a recurring component that shapes most organizations. The changes that occur in most organizations are driven by change in technology, economy, political structures and legal and social issues. During the change process, an organization undergoes through various challenges such as lack of...
Five steps are involved in the grievance process. To begin with, a member is expected to present his or her grievance to his or her immediate supervisor within five days since the event that gave rise to the occurrence of the grievance first took place. The notification given is supposed...
Introduction Negligence refers to failure to exercise the required standard of care that any reasonable person ought to have exercised in a given situation. Negligence cannot exist where there is no duty of care that is owed by the defendant to the plaintiff. It means that the cause of action...
The US is the most diverse country in the world; it’s population consists of different people in terms of race, culture and ethnicity. Despite this composition, the US remains with high levels of racial inequality. This is because of the economic standards and long history of hatred between American citizens...
Health Policies and Law The American legal system has different regulations in healthcare that regulate government responsibility towards society and formalize the commitment towards achieving universal health goals. The (HIPAA) is an act that allows Americans to maintain the same insurance policies as they move from one job to the...
The juvenile justice policy chosen Today, the Juvenile Justice System faces many challenges with delinquent youths that have problems related to substance abuse. Substance abuse among the adolescents usually leads to frequent or serious problems. In the U.S., substance use and abuse among adolescent’s accounts for significant morbidity and mortality...
An agreement becomes a contract when all the required legal elements are met. Hence, not all agreements qualify as contracts. One of the most important conditions of a contract is that it must be between two or more parties. One of these parties makes an offer while the other accepts...
White-collar crime refers to crimes committed by people of high social status who hold a respectable position in society. White-collar crime is usually committed during the undertaking of one occupational activity. Criminology attempts to explain the underlying causes of white-collar crime from different perspectives. Examples of white-collar crime include cyber-crime,...
Introduction Police ethics just like any other applied ethics should espouse beneficence where the interest of the client comes first, respect for persons where the dignity of individuals has to be respected, and justice. Police ethics is underdeveloped because of the paramilitary philosophy of policing as compared to business and...
Introduction Drug abuse has become not only a regional issue. Rather, the whole world is crying foul over the devastating effects of drug abuse. Drug trafficking barons have always found themselves on the negative side of the law due to their involvement in the drug trade (Bagley, 2005). Drug abuse...
Introduction As law enforcers, police exercise their authority to ensure that people do not go against legal laws and procedures. Police officers are authorized to use discretion whereby they make decisions on particular violations. Discretion is the ability of a police officer to make decisions or judgments regarding an offense....
Introduction Definition Sex offender refers to a person convicted of crime or crimes involving sex which can also be rape, sexual molestation, sexual contact, sexual harassment, and unlawful pornography production and distribution. In some cases depending on culture and legal jurisdiction, consented sexual contact or activity between adults of the...
Introduction The area of corporate law focuses on the establishment of new business entities. This field addresses issues that emerge from the interaction of businesses with the government, other companies, and the public. The subject of business law is multidisciplinary since it covers the areas of intellectual property, tax law,...
Defendant Casey Marie Anthony was charged, tried, and acquitted of the death penalty in the murder of her daughter, Caylee. Rockefeller (2016) states that her background before the trial is objectively consistent with the hypothesis of the mother killing the child since the woman led a riotous lifestyle. The lead...
Introduction Over the recent past, marketing has grown both in popularity and importance and has become a very important functional area of a business organization. Businesses have been forced to come up with means and ways of ensuring that their products appeal to the consumers (Svend, 2010) which leads to...
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is a statutory regulation that mandates the development of national guidelines to prevent confidential patient health details from being exposed without the patient’s permission or approval. To enforce HIPAA standards, the...
Bill Provision The Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2019 seeks to amend the Public Health Service Act by introducing a specific patient-nurse staffing ratio condition for direct personalized services in hospitals. The United States of America House of Representatives and Senate have a mandate...
The Issue The issue to be further analyzed in this paper is concerned with a breach of contract by one party, which led to the decrease of revenue incurred by the non-breaching party, Party A and Party B respectively. Party A purchased a car in a wholesale market for $15,000...
Introduction The Fourth Amendment upholds the US peoples’ right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects (Cornell University Law School, n.d). The law enforcing officers, therefore, is forbidden from searching or taking anything from the citizens without significant justification. The amendment further classifies irrational searches and seizures...
Introduction Background Crime refers to the contravention of the regulations of behavior set by the society as stipulated and articulated by a legal criminal code made by a group with social and political power ( Husik and Rudolf, 2009). People who go against these rules are liable to punishments by...
Organized crimes mostly entail criminal organizations; they could be transnational, local, or could be deeply rooted in a region where they perform as enterprises. Organized crimes have set up cartels that illegally trade arms and ammunition and this has greatly compromised the security of Russians. This has made Russia become...
Introduction Establishment of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) has remained a major component of the Affordable Care Act since the ACOs form the primary part of implementing the Affordable Care Act. Reflectively, the ACOs are aimed at promoting accountability as part of the health reforms inspired by the Affordable Care Act....
Abstract This paper undertakes a peer review of a research article that employs a partisan lens to respond to some of the most prominent issues that cropped up after the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was passed into law. The research article focuses on the political controversies that continue to surround...
Introduction The case is focused on John Doe, a person that has committed a felony and was caught because of shoplifting. The problem is that he has started to make incriminating statements during the time of the arrest. Several sources were consulted to get a better understanding of the case....
Abstract In 1971, the Australian government formulated trade practices legislations that were later received with prejudices by the business community. Later, the Australian Trade Practices Act (1974) was legislated, which would grant protection for anti-competitive activities from legal actions. In 2005, the Australian Productivity Commission stated that the consumer protection...
Introduction One of the most significant aspects of crime investigation is getting hold of evidence through search of individuals and residence, and the seizure of things. Simultaneously, the law does not permit access to private properties illegally or without warrant. In a democratically governed state, the constitution protects the citizens...
Introduction Cases of fire investigation can be challenging to investigators. To ensure that a substantive and accurate report on origin and cause is established, a scientific method as an elaborate approach should be used. (Chandler 130). This is because the approach is based on principles that are proven as opposed...
Abstract Crimes committed against children have become the order of the day in the recent past. A wide range of child abuse practices is committed in all countries across the globe. The whole experience of child abuse leaves painful memories in the minds of the victims and their families (Briere,...
Technologies which allow an individual to research citizen’s private data These technologies vary from data mining, deep analytics, neural networks and Artificial Intelligence among others (Halbert 245). They are used to promote more learning about the details of the citizens in terms of behavior, biometrics and thinking. However good data...
Introduction The duties of a director can be defined as “a series of statutory, common law and equitable obligations owed primarily by members of the board of directors to the corporation that employs them” (Bostock & Jaques 2000, pp. 5). The law stipulates that the directors should carry out their...
Introduction Public registered companies in Australia have regulations in terms of the payments to senior executives and directors. Shareholder regulations might be in the form of certain rules that are being used in the company such as the remuneration that is received by the important management people in the company....
Introduction Criminology is the science that studies people’s unique behavior under certain circumstances and their justification for committing crime (Siegel, 2011). Through a deep understanding of the reason, one can be able to initiate the ways of controlling the criminal activities and possibly counsel the criminals. This paper is a...
General description of the issue Preemption of Credit Card Lawsuits is a widespread phenomenon in numerous countries. When a credit card holder has an overdue debt and fails to pay it in time to the credit card company, the concerned company might file a lawsuit against the card holder to...
Policing is a crucial function of any governmental system which determines how law and order is observed. It is estimated that there are more than 18,760 independent police organizations in the US with an estimated 1 million employees. The federal government contributes about 15% of the money used to run...
Introduction The current era is one where the average number of crimes being committed is relatively high compared to the past years. The increase in the number of crime cases has forced law makers to review laws and make tougher ones, as well as increase penalties imposed for various crimes....
Introduction The concept “boot camp” denotes a military training center that aims at disciplining and enforcing orders individuals who commit any form of crime (Christopher et al, 2013). Research has shown that boot camps have largely been used as a political tool by numerous governments to crack down crimes committed...
Organized crime can be defined in several different ways based on academia and jurisdictions’ perspectives. Despite the similarities in these definitions, there are distinct characters that identify a particular group as an organized crime from the other criminal groups. According to sociologists, organized crime is a vague term that cannot...
Criminal justice is one of the major areas of government expenditure in any given country in the contemporary world. This study concentrates on the system of criminal justice in the United States of America as it has the best system of study in the world. Crime trends have been in...
Identity theft is becoming a very rampant problem in the modern world. Advances in technology are behind the increase in the number of identity theft incidents. The aim of this paper is to explore the issues surrounding identity theft in order to recommend the ways of stopping the crime. Defining...
Introduction Criminal activities are increasingly becoming prevalent in various communities with the majority being affected. Because of its wide-ranging effects on communities, crime has become a major topic of political and academic discussion in recent years. It is a major public concern since it poses severe social and economic implications....
Core values Core values are those personal standards that tend to influence an individual’s attitude and character. They make an individual unique. They cannot be easily changed as they are attached to an individual both emotionally and mentally. Setting up personal core values is important as it helps in coming...
In any society, police organizations play a vital role because they represent the government. Therefore, the police form part of the law enforcement agencies in various communities. They are organized into various departments with various jurisdictions to ensure that the citizens receive better security and protection services regardless of their...
Introduction Wealthy families usually place their money with private banks, wealth managers, and hedge funds. This move is meant to ensure that the wealth of these families keep on multiplying through the investments done by the private banks, wealth managers, and hedge funds. Once the money has been placed with...
Introduction Laws are a set of rules and guidelines that are used to promote fairness and justice in various settings. They are of great significance since they foster sanity and peace that are essential for development. Indeed, laws are fundamental regulations that are set with an aim of eradicating unethical...
The Employment-At-Will Doctrine allows the employer to sack or alter the terms of employment of an employee at any time without prior communication with no legal responsibility. In the same way, an employee can terminate his/her services at any instant, without consulting with the employer at no legal consequences. Although...
Introduction Children are regarded as the future of society and for this reason; adults endeavor to give them the best opportunities to become productive members of the community. In spite of this goodwill from adults, there are still children and youth who engage in criminal behavior. These juvenile delinquents are...
Introduction To create order in society, there is a need for the institution of laws. Laws make it necessary for society to be run in an orderly manner. Business laws are responsible for ensuring that businesses are run in an orderly manner. One of the areas in the business sector...
Tanya Trucker owns a trucking company which is located in the state of Denial. Additionally, she resides in the State of Denial. She intends to challenge a legal statute in the state of Confusion requiring all truckers to install a B-type truck hitch. This is because the statute will lead...
Introduction Intellectual property is a legal concept that protects the scholarly creations of an individual, for which such rights are reserved. Intellectual property law provides for particular exclusive rights to different kinds of intangible assets. Some of these assets include music, literature, and creative works. Others include innovations and discoveries...
Introduction The need to belong to some part of the society of the family can be inspired by a number of motives but gangs have territories in which they operate of a claim on turf (Esbensen, 2001, p. 105). The territory could be a block, a whole neighborhood or even...
Introduction Abortion has remained a controversial subject since time immemorial. For Along time, a large group of people who have now come to be known as pro-life activists has vehemently campaigned against the legalization of abortion, citing that it is not only inhumane but also a sin, and as it...
Introduction Business voices in the music industry have asserted the threat caused by illegal music downloads and piracy. The issue has raised legal problems besides reducing sales of legitimate CDs. Illegal downloads have replaced conventional legal music purchases. Many business analysts have viewed that the present slump in music sales...
The Office of the Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention in the year 2009 released a report detailing juvenile arrest information for the year 2008 (Puzzanchera, 2009). This report based its findings on the latest data from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation’s yearly report. In general, the report reviews US juvenile...
Definition of Terms Search A search is any lawful action by a law enforcement officer aimed at obtaining or recovering evidence of crime from a potential suspect (Walkman and Goodman 2010). There are two forms of searches: one with a warrant and another without a warrant. The former refers to...
Introduction Ethical issues in police departments have become a major topic for discussion with regard to the police force as a law enforcement department of the government and society as a whole. Ethics as a branch of philosophy tends to be concerned with moral issues of right and wrong that...
Abstract The Accountable Care Act (ACA) is a bill passed by the congress in America in 2010. After the signing of the act was made, it came into operation early 2011. President Obama is one of the key figures that proposed the law. The act seeks to provide health insurance...
Overall decrease in juvenile arrests Puzzanchera (2009) indicates that juvenile arrests in 2008 decreased by 3% compared to arrests in 2007. Moreover, there was a 2% decrease in juvenile arrests related to violent crimes over the same period. It is pertinent to note that in 2005 and 2006, arrests for...
Executive Summary Organ donation establishes a tremendous difference in someone’s life; thus, people who donate organs to others do it with an aim of saving or improving someone’s life. Many countries have ratified laws which govern organ donation. The US, for instance, has devised laws such as; Uniform Anatomical Gift...
Introduction Drug courts refer to specialized types of courts that deal with cases of nonviolent offenders who have been incarcerated for having abused drugs (Franco, 2011). Before an offender gets enrolled in a drug court program, he/she must undergo a drug test and rigorous supervision by court officials in order...
Legalization of Marijuana The public policy includes the decisions and actions that governments take in order to address certain public issues and problems such as crime. Crime in most societies is dealt with through the legal system and criminal justice institutions which outline and enforce set consequences for particular crimes....
Introduction Money laundering has become a common phenomenon in nearly all the countries in the world. Money laundering is an action that involves moving money through a couple of nations with the objective of obscuring its origins (Hopton 27). Money laundering can be regarded as an act of making that...
Introduction The judicial system was established to create harmony in the society by protecting the rights of each and every citizen. Laws were set up to ensure that the country can run effectively. The system has been constantly modified and new systems have been put in place to ensure that...
The main difference between human beings and animals is that animals are ruled by the law of the jungle where only the strong survive while human beings are governed by laws that strive to achieve justice and equality. The laws that govern human beings are aimed at ensuring all the...
Background A police officer stops a speeding vehicle early in the morning. Aboard are three men identified as Donte Partlow, who is the owner and the driver at the time, there is also Joseph Jermaine Pringle, who is the respondent to this case and was occupying the front passenger seat...
Introduction The issue of same-sex marriage has plagued many countries across the world. In the United States, there has been a lot of resistance to the proposal that a bill is passed to allow gay marriage. The opposition to gay marriage is usually fueled by a religious bias that stipulates...
Introduction The right to own guns is a very complicated and grave matter. Nevertheless, arms are quite factually a matter of life and death. America has a very serious problem of arms, with rates of gun associated accidents, murders, violence and suicide far beyond those of industrialized countries in numbers....
The first amendment forms part of the bill of rights of America’s constitution, and it is one of the changes that have reinforced US democracy. This was to guard against government’s interference in the right of freedom of religion and expression (Smith, 2007). The freedom of expression is composed of...
Juvenile offenders and related laws and legal procedures can be traced back to around 2270 BC during the time of the Code of Hammurabi which had provisions on how to deal with offending children. About two millenniums ago in the Roman Empire civil and church law distinguished between juvenile offenders...
Introduction Sexual offenders are people who have committed sex crimes. They are also called sex offenders, sexual abusers, or sex abusers. However, these sex crimes are relative to culture and legal jurisdiction. Most law systems bring together their laws under sections like assault, murder, or even sexual offenses amongst other...
A criminal investigation has become more advanced with the introduction of DNA profiling systems. With the increasing sophistication of criminals, it would be quite impossible to convict criminals in the absence of forensic science. Thus with the use of evidence that would have been invisible to the naked eye, it...
Introduction March 23rd, 2010 was a historic day in Washington after a nearly century old struggle. After debate, false starts and incremental change, major healthcare reform legislation was passed by both the houses of congress and signed by President Barack Obama. The president and the congress and the senate succeeded...
Introduction Before going into the matter of the ban on Foie Gras some introductory material must be offered on the practice. Foie Gras is a French word that can be interpreted in English as “Fat liver” (Grant 54). The most common source of this popular delicacy is the fattened liver...
Introduction Directors’ duties under English Courts are based on the company’s principle that a company is a separate legal entity from its members. With such a foundation, the directors act under the fiduciary duty. Their duties establish a fiduciary relationship between them and the members of the company. In recent...
Introduction The European Union (EU) has established and ratified several regulations and frameworks that seek to promote healthy business practices among the member countries. In particular, the move by the EU seeks to protect the end consumer, through existing regulation, from being subjected to unfair sales practices. To sustain this...
Interview Summary The owner of the business operates a small business that is co-owned by two partners making it a partnership. This means that the owner has a legal liability over the liabilities. Based on the interview, the legal structure of the business is a partnership. According to the owner,...
Introduction The employment correlation is a lawful concept broadly accepted in countries around the globe to refer to the link between the employer and the employee. The former works for the latter under distinct conditions for remuneration. Through this link, the mutual rights and obligations are created between the employee...
Abstract The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) consists of several regulatory agencies to control the activities within the health care industry in order to promote high-quality health care and to guarantee the public’s access to health care services. Such laws and regulations as the Emergency Treatment and Active...
The History of White Collar Crime White-collar crime is a non-violent form of crime committed mostly in the corporate world by persons who hold positions that allow them to control financial dealings and transactions. It is mostly committed for the purpose of financial gain mostly in commercial transactions through activities...
Introduction Established in 1789, The Supreme Court is the highest in the United States. It is composed of Chief Justice and associate justices. The President of the United States nominates the judges and subsequently appoints them after vetting by the Senate. Article II of the American Constitution created the U.S....
Leadership Leadership is defined as both the process that motivates the achievement of a goal and the abilities that are inherent in a particular person, which enables him to guide that process (Sims, 2002). Essentially, leadership is what inspires others to do what the leader is convinced should be done....
The end of the major world wars forced nations to go back to their drawing boards and restructure their institutions to ensure they had the power to protect their citizens and boundaries. The end of these wars marked the beginning of wider democratic spaces not only internationally but also within...
In legal terms, crimes are acts or omissions that are prohibited by law and can be punished either by fine or imprisonment. The common examples of crime are murder, robbery, tax payment failure, child neglect, rape, and others. However, the key understanding of crime lies in the identification of what...
It is now generally acknowledged in criminology and criminal law that organized crime as constituted in contemporary contexts is perpetuated under the precepts of two broad-based models, namely bureaucratic and patron-client organizations (Van Dijk, 2007). It is important to note that a bureaucratic criminal enterprise is governed by a hierarchy...
Introduction Narrative and background information Closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs) are increasingly becoming common in major cities around the world. Kroener defines closed-circuit television as a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed, but are monitored primarily for surveillance and security purposes (122). According to research by Kennedy, there are...
The labor market is made up of various stakeholders. They include the workers and the employers. The former are the sellers, while the latter are the buyers. Their interaction creates supply and demand in the labor market. The nature of this engagement determines the wage paid to the workers. For...
Introduction In his article Defying the odds on gun regulation: The passage of bipartisan mental health laws across the states, Goss addresses the issue of mental health in relation to gun control, stating that the current gun control regulations may suffer drastic changes due to the effects that the statements...
Introduction After the completion of the trial process, defendants in the United States have the right to appeal to state and federal courts of appeals. The appellate court system in the United States should be discussed as part of the nation’s dual court system that includes both federal courts and...
Introduction The use of DNA evidence in the investigation of crimes in America dates back to 1987. Before this period, many cases remained unsolved due to a lack of sufficient evidence. Jobling and Gill (739) report that the late 1980s were characterized by problems related to admissibility. Thus, there was...
Introduction Division of powers between the institutions is the important feature of the criminal justice system in democratic societies. This separation of powers is an essential factor to protect the rights of suspects during the criminal process, regardless the focus on the civil law or on the common law principles....
Introduction Fair Work Australia (FWA) focuses on relations in the workplace and provision of help to employees and employers. According to Wright, one of the roles of FWA involves varying awards at the workplace (5). The agency defines the bargaining powers of both employees and employers through the Fair Work...
Introduction The concept of organized crime is often used in reference to illegal activities conducted by conspiratorial criminal groups or organizations with the goal of making money (Wright 12). Most of organized crime groups are structured in the pyramid shaped hierarchal business formats. These criminal organizations use violence and bribery...
Introduction Stop-and-frisk is a policy that is common in many nations across the world. In some of countries, the act is constitutional, while in others, it is unconstitutional. Frisking is defined as a search that is conducted on a person (Ritchie & Mogul, 2007). Stopping is an act of preventing...
Introduction It is possible to note that the modern judicial system is based on the principle of retributive, restorative, and parallel justice but when it comes to homicide the former seems to be the most appropriate form of justice. It is possible to consider a case of a murderer to...
Businesses face legal disputes at one time or the other. Most conflicts occur at the local level. As such, they are determined by state courts (Hall, 2004). Some of these judicial bodies include limited-jurisdiction, general jurisdiction, intermediate appellate, and Supreme courts. Parties to the dispute may prefer to resolve the...
Introduction The Australian practice of the criminal justice system is anchored on the petit jury, a fundamental conviction in the rule of law, justice, as well as the independence of the judicial system (Edmond 2010). Any persons who comes before an Australian court is subjected to be treated equally with...
Introduction Forensic accounting and fraud investigation are important divisions in the field of accounting. Fraud and forensic accounting involves the detection of fraud in financial accounts and financial statements of companies, organizations, and businesses (Manning, 2010). It has been used to unearth corruption and fraud in some of the largest...
Introduction The provision of health care services is an important aspect of human life compared to all other needs. This explains why healthcare bills usually arouse debates and confrontations among law makers. Nations and individuals have placed a lot of resources on research to ensure they develop effective ways of...
Executive Summary This paper gives a stringent analysis of the UAE carriers, which are among the fastest growing airlines in the world. According to the analysis, the airlines are employing all the strategic requirements in addressing the needs of the external environment. However, the industry has some deficit in addressing...
Introduction As it would be observed, criminal investigation has never been conducted fairly all the time. While there has been notable success in criminal investigation matters, it seems most likely that, many people in this world have been convicted of crimes they did not commit. This has been as a...
Maryland Health Benefit Exchange is an independent department of the US government set up in April 2011 by the Patient Protection and Affordable Act of 2010. The law requires that every state should offer health care plans at affordable rates. Individuals should therefore not buy plans the Exchange offers. The...
Introduction Nicole Brown, O.J. Simpson’s divorced wife, was found stabbed to death together with her friend Ronald Goldman at night on June 12, 1994, two years after she had divorced Simpson. The latter was charged with the crime but his defense team got him acquitted after a lengthy criminal trial...
Introduction Comprehensive discussion of juvenile delinquency and crimes is a difficult task that researchers encounter in their day-to-day studies. Several factors may contribute towards children’s deviant behaviors. Biological, psychological, and social factors contribute heavily towards the development of theories of juvenile deliquescent. The social causes of crimes committed by children...
Introduction Medicinal marijuana is the use of cannabis and its extracts as a remedy for curing or managing medical conditions. This form of medication has been in use since 2,757 BC and today continues to elicit mixed debates about its legalization and subsequent use in medical institutions. Although the scope...
Introduction Drug abuse not only affects the developing countries, but also the developed countries and therefore, countries across the world have developed and formulated laws and legislations to combat the menace of drug abuse. Although most governments remain liberal in the use of the non-psychotropic drugs, almost all governments of...
In the given paper, some of the possible variants of eliminating the cases of discrimination are going to be considered. It is obvious that the main goal of the criminal sanctions is to decrease the likelihood of the accident occurring. However, certain disparities against African Americans and other nationalities have...
Justice is quite an elusive term. For example, justice could imply different things to different individuals within the same society. Justice is not just an ambiguous term during times of war or to the politicians, but even within the criminal justice system, the idea of how to achieve justice is...
Description, production, and reporting of UCR UCR, or Uniform Crime Reports, are a series of important data for police department aimed at tracking the statistics and numerical data that affects the stability and accuracy of crime investigation. The reporting is produced by the Federal Bureau of Investigation that has been...
Introduction The area of law covering international carriage of goods by sea has been regulated by international conventions such as The Hague, the Hague-Visby and the Hamburg Rules, each providing for improvements over the earlier regime. There were several other national, regional and hybrid regimes controlling the international transportation of...
The research question answered in this paper seeks to identify the role played by police in crime prevention. There are several parties involved in crime prevention. However, each one of them has unique roles that dictate overall success crime prevention. This research question is important since crime prevention is not...
Introduction The criminal justice system is the branch of judiciary that is mandated to deal with all criminal matters that are brought to court for determination. Usually, when a criminal matter is brought before a court of law, there is always a procedure that is followed in determining the matters...
In the United Kingdom labor relations dates back to the time of the industrial revolution which ushered the implementation of laws that govern the relationship between employers and employees. Under the Employment Rights Act workers in Britain are guaranteed of certain rights and benefits which they accrue upon the acquisition...
White-collar crimes are crimes that affluent people commit in the society due to their position of influence or occupation. In this context, fiduciary fraud is a type of white-collar crime in which a person or financial institution entrusted with money or property commits by going against the terms and conditions...
Introduction The Companies Act 2006 governs company Law in the UK. The Act brought many changes in Company Law in Britain. It led to codification of common law principles and introduced new provisions for companies. The Act also brought about unification of two systems of law (Britain, Wales or Northern...
Introduction Every kind of crime consists of a certain element whose existence should be proved by the government in order for a conviction to be given by a court of law. Similarly, every crime has a law against it without which the act cannot be termed as a crime due...
Introduction Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 is a federal statute which was enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress. The act is aimed at protecting “children from sexual exploitation and violent crime”, preventing “child abuse and child...
Introduction Stem cells are biological cells found in all multi cellular organisms. They have a unique feature of a remarkable potential to self renew and form other specialized types of cells in addition, they can produce more stem cells found in the human body. Scientists confirmed the existence of three...
Elements of a valid contract A contract is defined as a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties where one party agrees to undertake some actions while the other part guarantees a consideration as a result; a breach of the conditions leads to a legal case. Not all contracts...
Introduction Environment plays a very important role in the existence of mankind and therefore the global community takes issues concerning the environment with a lot of care and precaution. The environment has a direct impact on human life and sometimes man has been hit hard by nature due to environmental...
Introduction One of the primary objectives of any government is to provide security and protection to its citizens from all forms of security threats. One of how this can be ensured is through the enactment of policies regulating the use of guns. However, a tug of war between the U.S...
Introduction The ethical conduct of public officials, such as the police plays a significant role in determining the performance of such public agencies. Police deviant behavior refers to activities that a police officer may undertake during the line of duty that is not consistent with the societal values and ethical...
Introduction Juveniles are the young people, children, and youths, who have not attained the age of being regarded as adults. Adults, on the other hand, are people who are considered grown-ups and independent hence fully accountable for their deeds. The difference between the juveniles and the adults has led to...
Introduction Since ancient times women are always considered the inferior sex. It is the mark of a progressive society to bridge the gap and to elevate the status of women in society. In the United Kingdom one of the best examples of progress in the area of gender relations is...
Introduction Tax law simply refers to a group of rules defining taxation within a specific state. According to Mtetwa (Para 1), accounting is a procedure in financial business where all deals are recorded. Accounting involves keeping a record of what an organization owns and owes other organizations and individuals. Accounting...
Introduction Capital punishment refers to the legally recognized imposition of death as a penalty and right from olden times it has been used for a broad selection of felonies. Offenses that can attract a death sentence are referred to as capital offenses or crimes. The reference capital has its roots...
The legislation came into power in 2002 and launched foremost transforms to the guideline of financial performance and corporate governance. This Act was passed by President Bush. It was named after its creators Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. It also places various time limits for compliance. It was...
Introduction According to me, organized crime can be described as a group of people whether employed or non-employed who makes money through illegal activities such as extortion, corruption, drug syndicates, and other forms of force. Most of the times they make money by spreading fear and intimidation throughout the community...
Introduction Criminal justice is a broad term that encompasses different aspects of justice in crime. It is society’s instrument in maintaining social control. Siegel (2010) states that ‘some behaviors are so dangerous that they must be controlled or strictly prohibited in the society’ (p. 8). To moderate societal behavior, the...
Introduction Juvenile justice refers to the form of legal justice administered to legal offenders who are minors. These minors may be involved in different forms of criminal activities, which require legal intervention. Jurisdictions across the states of the United States are adapting the case management model to deal with most...
Introduction Wrongful conviction can be one of the most agonizing experiences that a human being can endure. It not only tortures the wrongful convictee psychologically, but also allows the person who committed the actual crime to unfairly enjoy the fruit of freedom and probably commit even more serious crimes. The...
Introduction Criminal Law is considered a branch of law that is responsible for dealing with crimes committed against public authority and where penalties are applicable (AbadPinsky 58). In other words, it is a penal law involving the prosecution of behaviors considered to be a crime. Criminal law usually includes criminal...
Background on the legislation The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was passed into law in March 2010, following a public outcry on the need for reforms in the healthcare system. Previously, the provision of health care in the United States has been in the spotlight over the accessibility...
Contemporary drivers are habitually using their cell phones while they are driving. This is one of the most frequent cases of distracted driving that have made a large number of people lose their lives. The tendency of people to send text messages while driving has, therefore, attracted substantial research from...
Introduction Bloom & Brodin (2006) defines probable cause as the quantity of facts and circumstances that the police officer has established which allows him to reasonably conclude that the individual in question was involved in the crime hence warranting the individual’s arrest or that specific evidence related to a crime...
Introduction In the field of criminology, the theory of rational choice has adopted a kind of utilitarian belief. In this belief, a man who is the character that is involved in crime is an actor who before engaging in any crime or any other act, weighs the end results that...
Introduction Crime analysis is an upcoming branch in law enforcement and is the act of analyzing crime, more precisely, it is the placing of criminal acts into their respective categories in order to find out the nature and reports arising from the investigations through the application of systematic and analytical...
Introduction The attorney-client privilege is a legal principal that was invented with the advent of law to prevent legal counsels from making known information that was given by their clients in confidence. The purpose of attorney-client privilege was originally designed in order to prevent pitting lawyers against their clients in...
Introduction Under the European Union law on the convection of human rights, all the members are required to implement laws into their constitutions that uphold the fundamental rights of all humans. Likewise, laws enacted by the European court should be adopted into law by member countries and not be seen...
Introduction The study of crime has been in existence for many centuries but has only gained prominence in recent times. This can mostly be attributed to popularization by the media especially in the West. Psychologists and criminal profilers have been gathering valuable data pertaining to the reasons behind any criminal...
Introduction Youth conferences are meetings that are convened to consider how young people should be dealt with when they commit offenses. It is expected that at the end of such conferences, there will be an action plan for dealing with the offenses and the offenders according to the principles that...
The ECJ has utilised case law in order to add meaning to freedom of movement of workers. The concept of objective justification was put into practice in the case of Martinez Sala vs Freistaat Bayern ECR 1 2691 [1998]1 (Bernard, 2007, 68). The plaintiff was a Spanish citizen who had...
There are two central and distinct moral issues about physician-assisted suicide. First, is physician-assisted suicide morally justified in any individual cases? Second, would it be ethically justified for public and legal policy to permit physician-assisted suicide? In some cases, assisted suicide has seemed to be endorsed ahead of euthanasia; indeed,...
Introduction Personal crimes are crimes against a person; they are crimes that are directed to an individual and damage or injury can be traced on the victim. In most cases they are optimistic crimes, whereby the criminal takes the advantage of a situation. They include the following assault; battery, mayhem,...
In any law practice, the confidentiality of information forms an integral part of solving legal cases amicably. Legal stakeholders ought to keep their information confidential and above board so that, third parties do not take the privilege of it and ruin their motives. Attorney-client privilege is a situation that sees...
Organized crime There is no common definition of the term organized crime with different legal institutions defining it differently. One of the factors that have led to the term organized crime being hard to define is the inclusion of the term “organized.” There is a big list of activities that...
Introduction In the last two decades, police experts especially in the US, have come up with new philosophies that would improve and help deal with crime more effectively. These new philosophies are community policing and problem-solving policing which have attracted a lot of debate even outside the US because they...
The issue of business ethics remains controversial. For businesses to operate in a conducive environment, there are a set of laws that must adhere to. Businesses operate under different kind of laws upon which a penalty is given if the business fails to adhere to the stipulated rules. Some laws...
Introduction Knowledge-based policing is a policing approach that has surfaced recently. This kind of policing approach is based on the principles of risk analysis and management. Even though, there is no common agreement on what this kind of approach entails, it is believed to be a calculated, future-oriented and as...
Introduction Administering justice is often a very complicated task in some cases. Many nations have over time developed different ways of ensuring that they have a better way of compensating the victims of crime and punishing the perpetrators. Italy is considered the motherland of criminology since its justice system has...
Introduction to criminal justice: Criminal justice, which basically deals with criminal conduct, covers terrorism, computer crimes, drug abuse and trafficking and legal issues. Different nations have different criminal justice systems. Inquisitorial criminal justice system: It is a type of a criminal justice system in which the court is actually involved in investigations...
Executive Summary The worldwide music industry went through a series of prosperity in the last decade. There was a booming album sale which was experienced especially from 1990 to 1997. However, towards the end of the 1990s, serious decline in the volume of sales was encountered. Unfortunately, the music and...
Introduction USA Patriotic act “is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism” (Fritscher, 2007). This act gives law enforcement agencies the power to do some things that never happened before like searching private records. Moreover, it allows more foreign intelligence...
In today’s modern and diverse world, many conflicts are always erupting in our daily lives. The conflicts arise from many different aspects of our lives, for example, family, school and in business, however, the majority of the people usually prefer to resolve their conflicts peacefully and fairly without any violence...
Privacy is a human right and the Fourth Amendment affirms this right by protecting the right of the people against searches and seizures that infringe upon their privacy. “Every man’s house is his castle” (Fourth Amendment, n.d., History and Scope of the Amendment, para. 1). This was a maxim that...
People all over the world have used to the thought that Church is the sacred place, that Church is aimed to help people, and that people should trust Church. Unfortunately, there are cases when Church begins to abuse its power and tries to make people to commit wrong actions. There...
Introduction The subject of health care and its nature of fundamentality for human beings has been one of the most unsolved and most politicized in the United States. While the debate rages, minorities and non white Americans continue suffering from poor health due to their economic and social disadvantages and...
Introduction An anti-drug legislation is a law that is drafted forbidding the use of narcotic drugs by citizens. In the United States of America, it is the responsibility of the state, federal, and the local government to come up with laws that regulate the use of drugs in the country....
Introduction When two or more nation states are engaged into international agreement or contract this agreement is often referred to as treaty. Treaty is arrived at by negotiations. When parties involved creating a treaty, it invokes obligations that are binding between these parties. It provides a clear cut of responsibilities...
Legal Elements of Criminal versus Negligent Liability for the Organization The concept of corporate criminal liability in the United States originally included mens rea offences as confirmed by the U S Supreme Court in New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company v U.S. The scope of corporate criminal liability...
Accepted wisdom about the word law as held by the influential school of thoughts state that a natural law exists portrayed often as God who is holding the various forms of command for the mankind and the entire universe in its own unique way. This reminds us that the system...
The question of Same-Sex marriage involves legal and constitutional issues and social problems. Obtaining recognition for gay couples is only one of a series of powerfully contested questions that have arisen since the U.S. gay rights movement rose to importance in the heated political debate of the 1980s. Some critics...
Euthanasia has been considered illegal in most of the States in the United States. However, words like “euthanasia”, “mercy killing” and “physician assisted suicide” are used by the judges, physicians and attorneys commonly without a proper definition of the terms. In the very narrow sense “physician-assisted suicide” means that a...
Introduction From the enactment of the Bill of Rights, the Second Amendment guarantees every law-abiding adult the right to keep and bear arms. Through numerous court cases, the Second Amendment has long been the subject of many debates. In a decision, the Supreme Court overturned the 32-year-old ban on handguns...
Introduction The Occupational Safety and Health Administration was formed by the United States Department of Labor to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths and to enforce rules to ensure that these standards are being held. According to the OSHA website, since its inception work-related deaths have been cut by 62%...
Introduction The Copyright Law of the United States defines copyright as the opportunity for the creator of a material object or an innovative idea to claim exclusive rights for the result of his/her work and to apply for the legislative protection of these exclusive rights (Copyright Law of the United...
The first challenge that any firm can face when being introduced to the global market is recruiting and managing a competent workforce. Every nation has its own regulation on taxation, immigration, employment, and pension benefits. In some cases, rules applied to locals differ from those for expatriates. The author of...
In the foundation of the constitutional system of the new state, the creators of the Constitution put three main political and legal principles – separation of powers, federalism, and judicial constitutional supervision. Within a few years, the confederation of independent states was transformed into a federation thanks to the adoption...
Introduction The plea bargain is the process where the court, represented by the prosecutor arrives to an agreement with the defendant. It is a means of stopping a respondent from competing or from being found guilty of charges against him at no expense to the trial. In return to the...
The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 is one of the most tragic events of contemporary history that claim the lives of many people. At the same time, it became a starting point for bringing changes to the Intelligence Community of the United States (Travers, 2016). The reason was that...
Introduction Parents can play a crucial role in the juvenile justice system as various studies suggest that the influence of parents and children’s education contributes to the development of the behavior that leads to the juvenile offense. An investigation of the issue in the relationships between juvenile and a parent...
Contracts are legally binding agreements that regulate relationships between two parties, which are called an offeree and an offeror. A contract cannot exist without four features, including an offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations. The present paper aims at providing specific instructions concerning the establishment of legal...
Even though the juvenile justice system in the US has been in place for more than 100 years, questions about its necessity can still be heard among experts and enthusiasts. In the 1990s, increased access to guns and drugs, together with gang activity, led to a significant rise in serious...
Judicial Review is a power conferred to a court to review a section of regulation, statute, treaty, or constitution in a bid to check if it is constitutionality and consistent with the parent statute, treaty, or constitution. The power and role of the Supreme Court to exercise judicial review is...
Most Important People to Interview Interviewing people that are researching computer-related crimes and computer forensic in general should mostly include interviewing the people that defined the computer forensic science. It is important to interview such researchers as their publications determined the way that computer forensic is now going; they have...
Introduction If something happens in the organization, for example, a worker is thought to be engaged in illegal activities, then a whistleblower reports on this to the legal institution. As a rule, a whistleblower is an employee, so to encourage him/her to disclose the information and to assure that one...
Children are a very special part of any given society. They induce fundamental intuition to nature as well as protect. As such, there is a need for children to grow safe, happy, and healthy (Lawrence, 2004). In the midst of the welfare systems and structures, are the community and family....
The Code of Ethics, How to Measure Police Ethical Standards, and the Meaning of Police Ethics to Me The code of ethics is released by the college of policing. This institution is responsible for defining the ethical behavior that is expected of members of the police profession. According to Dempsey...
Like with any other institution as fundamental as law enforcement agencies, the history of their formation and development is rich and stretches far in the past. Law enforcement in the US alongside two other crucial components of criminal justice builds its basis. These three elements function independently to a certain...
The United Kingdom is considered a constitutional monarchy, although the constitution is not codified. It consists of laws, precedents, and legislative customs, which are used to form state organs and regulate their cooperation and communication with citizens. There is an opinion that Britain does not need a document which would...
The journey of Marijuana legalization started more than four decades ago but has gone through various challenges and hindrances. Today few countries and state governments have embraced its recreational use and hence have legalized its possession and usage. This paper aims at discussing the macroeconomic pros and cons of legalizing...
Police Misconduct Concept The police are a powerful legal and social institute which consists of a complex system of responsibilities, duties, and goals for each worker in the field. It is based on such principles as openness, credibility, responsiveness, justice, and legality. However, these major pillars might be violated and...
The question about gun control as necessity or obligatoriness always troubled society. Moreover, the gun control dispute always arise the main question: who is more reliable, the government or the ordinary people? There are still a lot of people who are against gun control. I am not an exception. The...
