Introduction Criminal justice is one of the most important institutions in society because it ensures compliance and adherence to the law by putting in place an accountability mechanism that follows violations and punishes them accordingly. The included authorities and departments investigate wrongdoings, prosecute, and sentence perpetrators who are then sent...
Government of Canada. (2022). Making the criminal justice system more responsive to victims. The article provides the information on acknowledgment by the Canadian government that victimization can have devastating and long-lasting effects. The source is reliable because it provides information on how to protect victims of crime from exploitation and...
Introduction Dollree Mapp, an Ohio woman, was suspected of having bombing material in 1961. Using a fake warrant, an Ohio local police officer entered her house and seized lewd and lascivious material from the basement. The item was enough evidence to justify Dollree’s case, and he was charged, ready for...
Introduction The Miranda case is based on violating the American people’s Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights. After Miranda was arrested in his residential area, he underwent a very long interrogation by the police, followed by a confession written by him and a witness said to have recognized him as the...
Introduction Military tribunals have been used historically, especially in times of conflict. A military court, as opposed to a civilian court, is in charge of these judicial processes. Military courts typically try military personnel implicated in major offenses such as treason or crimes against humanity and citizens charged with terrorism...
Law review articles discuss the constitutionality of strip searches and purely legal frameworks without considering the individual experiences and reactions of detainees who are searched. Strip searches often cause humiliation, embarrassment, and discomfort no matter how professionally and privately conducted (Babbar 1745). The constitution in the Fourth Amendment protects individuals...
Evidence of Prewriting and Thesis How effective are the laws for gun control? Are they needed, or is it vital that civilians have the right to self-defense through easy and legal access to guns? The two questions are of paramount significance to the citizens of the United States. On the...
Main Issues: Brady v. Maryland U.S. 83 (1963) William Brooks was strangled following a robbery in 1958, and John Brady and Charles Boblit were arrested for his murder. It is worth mentioning that Brady and Boblit were each tried individually. Brady was the first to appear in court, and he...
Introduction Institutional and non-institutional corrections for jails/prisoners are two approaches to rehabilitating criminals. The term corrections describe the administration of a system for monitoring offenders who have been apprehended, tried and found guilty of a crime. There are two main inmate populations in the correctional system: those in institutional settings...
Introduction The prosecution pursues Karen’s liability for the death of Frances, where she was found liable for criminally negligent manslaughter under s 18 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) (‘Crimes Act’). According to common law, Karen had committed criminally negligent manslaughter, which links to whether or not there was “a...
Introduction In a report on the population of correctional facilities in the United States, the authors found that the population of people who were under some form of supervision had dropped past 6.4 million for the first time since 1999 (Minton et al.). They estimated that the inmate population across...
Summary The Timeline of the Appeals Process Petition on 30th October 1984: The Appellant brought the case to the court’s notice in this case study. According to Tennessee law, once an enforcement official has given orders to seize an offender and the criminal flees on purpose or resists being arrested,...
Most people would agree that prisoners deserve safe living and housing conditions. However, this is not the case in most prisons and jails in the US, as most do not have air conditioning, which is essential for humans’ health, especially during extreme temperatures. Most prisoners complain of intense heat during...
Introduction Young people from racial minority groups are often at risk of joining criminal gangs, which destroys the future of these adolescents and makes the city unsafe. Undoubtedly, local authorities do their best to prevent the youth from engaging in gang activities, but more advanced and theory-based measures are required....
Human Welfare and Improvement of Quality of Life Forensic psychology is concerned with treating offenders, understanding their criminal behavior, and how psychology can be applied in courts of law. It is an important branch of psychology because offenders’ recidivism and criminal activity are frequently brought to the public’s attention. The...
Introduction The United States (US) government at the federal, state, and local level carries a lot of responsibilities, including the duty to protect the citizenry from crime. The country is characterized by a high level of crime rate, with homicide and assault being the most common crimes (Bohm 2017). Other...
Six studies analyzed for this research have used three main types of methodologies, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Based on the methodology used in the study, the types and patterns of data collection have also varied. Quantitative studies conducted by Feigenberg & Miller (2021) and Sartor (2018) have applied...
Abstract Youth crime is a severe social problem that jeopardizes public safety and hinders the well-being of minors. The high prevalence of the problem in the UK and its far-reaching adverse implications necessitate conducting an in-depth research on the causes of youth crime. The proposed study will identify social and...
Thousands of young people commit crimes every year and receive punishment for them. The state is also passing other laws to increase criminal liability for incarcerated juveniles. The official Criminal Justice Act is different from other laws that also provide punishment for juvenile delinquents. When considering the law on Young...
Introduction The basis of the case is the armed robbery of a store by a minor criminal, Tony Soprano. After the crime was committed, the criminal was caught on security cameras several times, which made it possible to catch the Soprano and present him before the court. The young man...
Introduction Juvenile delinquency is an urgent social issue that plagues numerous families. Although children are not old enough to be subjected to full-scale criminal persecution, the damage done to society necessitates the delivery of proper justice. Even though crimes and offenses are committed by children and adolescents, attention is always...
Abstract The judicial system created prisons to house criminals as they complete their prison terms after being sentenced and held responsible for criminal actions in court. When special interest groups are subject to the judicial system, particularly the prison division, correctional facilities are tailored to satisfy their demands. However, this...
The current assignment focuses on the problems of juvenile delinquency. In particular, the topic concerns facts, processes, and phenomena that make underage individuals engage in criminal practices. Illegal behaviors are relatively widespread among children and teenagers, which is dangerous for society because there is a significant number of would-be criminals....
Restorative justice is an approach within the criminal authority system that presents alternative ways to reach law. This technique aims to maintain equity by organizing negotiations between victim and offender, during which they will discuss the most efficient conditions that would satisfy both parties. Restorative methods include acknowledgment, apology, and...
Seminal cases that defined the further process of considering specific cases in the U.S. justice system represent scenarios of particular interest due to their significance and the effect that they have produced on the further shaping of court processes. The decision passed in the In re Gault case represents an...
Introduction Juvenile delinquency and crime are prevalent social problems in the USA. In response, the government has built jails for young adults below 18 years to curb their malignant behavior. Introducing children to the justice system at such a young age, when their cognitive abilities are yet to mature, ensures...
There are polarized views regarding non-violent crime in principle, but a more peaceful solution is increasingly being expressed for young people. The central thesis of the chairman of the Government Council for developing recommendations on the imposition of criminal penalties in the courts of England and Wales, Andrew Ashworth, is...
The Criminal Cases Review Commission was founded on 31 March 1997. It was created by the Criminal supplication Act 1995. The CCRC has the right to refer cases to the appropriate court for an appeal to be heard (Section 321 and Schedule 11 of the Act relating to powers of...
Issue in Question Whether the execution of a person who was 17 years old when he executed a murder is prohibited under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments because it would be a “cruel and inhumane” penalty. Facts The plaintiff in action is Donald P. Roper, who worked as a superintendent...
Background It is important to consider the work of a law enforcement officer to understand the similarities and differences between Frank Serpico and Robert Leuci. Policing is a morally dangerous occupation, and ethical behavior within it is a matter of character. Everything about the work of a police officer is...
Background Criminal justice policies are meant not only to arrest criminals or guarantee that they are abiding by the norms of the facilities where they have been detained but also to guarantee that the criminal justice system is impartial and capable of carrying out its intended functions. The State of...
One of the most common problems regarding the use, storage, or transfer of digital and electronic evidence in court is the type and format of records demonstrating the objectivity, accuracy, security, and reliability of data. Thus, digital records that can be affected by gossip are an evidentiary difficulty. The regulation...
Introduction The main thrust of this case is that 46-year-old black man George Floyd was killed by a white police officer during his arrest. Initially, Floyd was detained due to the use of a counterfeit $20 bill, but the arrest process itself was characterized by particular police brutality. In front...
Introduction It is important to note that the jurisdiction of interest is the United Kingdom. Sanction compliance risk evaluation and reporting of suspicious activities are essential obligations under UK law on money laundering. The Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI) is the regulatory authority on sanction compliance and reporting, whereas...
Recent deadly police incidents have marked a significant social and legal issue in the American law-enforcement system. In particular, the occurrences of police shootings of unarmed Black men have become more frequent, which has triggered public concerns related to race-based bias of the police workers. While diverse populations become victims...
Introduction It is no secret that culture and the criminal justice system have an inextricable connection in terms of interaction and mutual influence on each other. As practice shows, modern society tends to have natural improvement and development, as well as the number of laws in the aggregate, increasing to...
The United States criminal law has various penalties to which an individual who commits a crime is subjected. In addition to fines and imprisonment, a standard option is a probationary sentence, which implies placing a person on probation. Probation can also be used as an addition to the main punishment...
The book states the current need to incorporate changes into the Criminal Justice System. It suggests implementing modifications that essentially make the entirety of criminal justice evidence-based. To grasp the importance of such alteration, it is necessary first to gain an understanding of several points regarding the subject, which will...
Introduction October 1st, 2017 was a tragic day for US citizens as thousands of people were exposed to one of the deadliest mass shooting incidents in US history. A 64-year-old man, known as Stephen Paddock opened fire on the general public, particularly targeting individuals gathered at the function, packed with...
Piracy is the phenomenon describing the commission of an armed attack on seagoing vessels to gain profit from material financial resources. Piracy has existed throughout the historical river, but the golden age came in the 17th and 18th centuries (Mazyar 62). People were taken on pirate ships either as crew...
The criminal justice system in the United States is founded on a changing ideology of criminal conduct, reformation, and fairness. This perspective, in essence, is founded on ethics, which establishes the guiding values for law and criminology processes. Public trust is essential for criminal justice professionals to conduct their jobs...
Departmental Units Included in the Task Force One of the departments included in the task force will be the criminal gangs unit, whose activities are aimed at preventing and suppressing criminal groups. Counteraction to criminal groups consists in the development and implementation of specific measures based on a general analysis...
Introduction The launch of the program or policy does not automatically mean that the work on the intervention is finished. Policymakers must realize that policies do not exist separately from the environments within which they were implemented. Moreover, these environments can rarely be controlled, as they live their own dynamic...
Laws are practically efficient in regulating the criminal behavior of U.S. citizens. Illegal activity can lead to asset forfeiture, a legal measure that involves government seizure of property gained from or related to the committed crimes (Harr et al., 2017). In that way, police departments and other law enforcement institutions...
Introduction The Bill of Rights is the unofficial name of the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, which enshrines the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen and provides a mechanism for their implementation. Already in the early years of the American state’s existence, the absence of articles...
A new way to grasp the picture of crime should combine the practices of existing approaches. UCR (Uniform Crime Reports), NIBRS (National Incident-Based Report System), and NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) all have a long history of assessing crime rates (Pazzani & Tita, 2009). However, NIBRS and NCVS were created...
Introduction The Boston Annual Marathon in the USA is one of the oldest marathons in the world, held since 1897 (Ray, 2022). On April 15, 2013, more than 24 thousand athletes participated in the event (Ray, 2022). At 14:49, an explosion occurred in the northern part of Boylston Street near...
Introduction Regarding criminal justice, Indigenous Peoples were overrepresented among those imprisoned for criminal charges. There are two ways to demonstrate this: by looking at the percentage of Indigenous people detained in the overall prison population and comparing the levels of Indigenous persons incarcerated and the variations in those levels over...
Introduction White-collar crimes are highly prevalent in business organizations and most institutions that handle human resources due to their non-violent nature and ambiguity. Although most people who engage in white-collar crimes do it for profit, white-collar crimes have become a menace because of several other reasons. Compared to blue-collar crimes...
Introduction All drugs should be legalized because it would free up some finances that the government spends on the criminal justice system. For example, most governments, such as the United States, spend billions of dollars on correctional services, courts, and law enforcement on many drug abuse cases. On the other...
Introduction It is important to note that the current systems of justice are built on the framework of retributive justice. Restorative justice is an alternative to the latter, which is based on the principles of harm repair rather than punishment. The concepts behind the methodological notion have practical examples, such...
Analyzing the Problem Domestic violence is physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence occurring within the family between former or current spouses or partners. People use this pattern of behavior to control or dominate another with whom they have had an intimate or family relationship. Domestic violence is dangerous because it...
Introduction One of the primary goals of the police is to protect citizens by promoting safety and trust. Cooperation between society and police service representatives is a core item in human interactions and development. However, today, controversies continue to grow and affect public support and perceptions of the Metropolitan Police...
Repeat offenders continue to commit offenses after serving their sentence for a prior offense. Three-strikes legislation is a statute that mandates a lengthy jail sentence for a defendant found guilty of a specific third-time crime, typically a significant criminal (Worrall, 2008). The conditions for applying the law vary from state...
The federal judiciary is a branch of the federal government created under the U.S constitution and federal government laws. The primary role of the judiciary is to interpret the law, resolve disputes, and provide justice to citizens. The judiciary evaluates the constitutionality of federal statutes and settles other legal disputes...
Introduction and Rationale Youth crime or juvenile offense is one of the significant problems of the criminal justice system. Unlawful behavior of minors has had a high prevalence and obtained particular attention from researchers and academics involved in investigating the causes, manifestations, and possible solutions to youth crime (Densley et...
Knowledge of all the stages that go into the trial process is of critical importance for understanding what is included in this decision-making and sentencing procedure. Hence, there are three main stages, pretrial, trial, and disposition, between which intermediate stages may occur. In the American criminal justice system, pretrial has...
Since ancient times punishment has been used to prevent unwanted and especially criminal behavior. Punishment in jurisprudence, theology, and philosophy has been viewed as a means by which a human’s behavior can be changed. However, this method of changing people’s behavior has long been criticized. Policies against sexual offenders are...
Summary The article by Petrosino, Turpin-Petrosino, and Buehler (2003) explores the implementation of the Scared Straight and other programs involving organized visits to prisons by juvenile delinquents to prevent them from committing a crime in the future. The advocates of the program and other researchers think that making at-risk children...
Introduction I chose to write about the position of a youth case manager since my knowledge can be efficiently applied for the betterment of people’s lives through this job. A case manager must help young criminals to reintegrate into society by connecting them with necessary services, such as family counselors,...
In the US Juvenile Justice System (JJS), the issues of false confessions arise as controversial and problematic due to minors’ false confessions compared to adults’. Multiple research studies and policy-making considerations have been introduced to address the drawbacks in the contemporary JJS that commonly fails to recognize age-specific particularities of...
For several decades, the criminal justice system (CJS) has been shaped by economic bias. The crimes involving the wealthy are either treated lightly or ignored. On the other hand, the common street crimes committed by the poor result in arrest, charges, conviction, and sentencing. More often than not, African-Americans are...
Introduction Avocado production in Mexico is primarily export-oriented and produces significant profits for the region. However, due to these profits, it is an area of an industry heavily tangled with organized crime activities that promote the unequal distribution of accumulated wealth. Avocado production expansion and gang violence associated with it...
Introduction Solitary confinement is the most severe disciplinary punishment in prison. It further restricts the already very limited rights of persons deprived of their liberty. Therefore, the procedure and conditions for the application of a penalty, including the violation for which it can be imposed, must be clearly spelled out...
Introduction Within the last few decades, the punitive aspect of prison has been deemphasized in favor of its rehabilitative potential in public discourse. Consequently, the practice of solitary confinement has become a subject of controversy. Approximately five percent of incarcerated populations in the U.S. are in confinement at any given...
The 1999 Columbine school shooting Public mass shootings in the US have significantly increased in number over the last few decades as the motives of school shooters become deadlier. The 1999 Columbine school shooting is considered one of the first crimes of the category with a direct motive to cause...
Introduction Domestic violence is still a common problem in modern society. It involves abuse of children, intimate partners, older adults and affects about ten million people in the United States every year (Huecker et al., 2022). Abuse can include economic, psychological, emotional, and physical, including sexual treatment. Violence is often...
Background The United States government and the state of Texas have been grappling with the issue of school violence and school shootings for many years. The Uvalde shooting was one of the deadliest school shootings in American history and prompted a national debate on gun control and school safety. In...
Summary Terry v. Ohio case represents the public order model of criminal justice. It is conditioned by the fact that the policeman took control of the situation and used his power to investigate the case. The court ruled that the police officer’s actions were reasonable for his own protection; however,...
Adolescence refers to the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. The country’s legal framework should consider the psychological and social problems of such minors when adopting legislation on crimes committed by them. This fact means that when sentencing adults in court, the state of their mental development should be...
Gun control is a controversial issue that raises emotions and strong arguments between the two opposing sides. Over the last two decades, the United States government has implemented several gun control measures to reduce annual gun-related deaths. Despite the implementation of gun control measures such as access prevention for children,...
Problem A police officer has the right to use physical force, special means and firearms. However, the public often interprets the use of force in two ways. In this regard, this article reveals the influence of police storytelling as evidence of the use of force as a necessary defense. Despite...
Introduction Community-oriented policing services (COPS) using appropriate performance measurements have enhanced problem-solving strategies. Police management becomes flexible, allowing quick organization and responding appropriately to each emerging crime pattern instead of the traditional routine approach. Besides, measurement brings in a skillful perspective that makes police apply the best intervention toolkit in...
Introduction Every year the number of people who die in shootings increases: in 2019, this figure almost reached 9 thousand people (Whitehead et al., 2018). The importance of the topic is due to the fact that public safety is threatened by the absence of proper gun control: it stimulates the...
The issue of gun violence has a negative impact on people’s health, well-being, and advancement, and this trauma perpetuates underlying health and socioeconomic disparities, resulting in substantial difficulties for people and their daily life. Hence, the particular topic was selected due to its relevance and an essence that can be...
Ban the Box is the campaign by some social advocates aimed at removing the question of former convictions from employment applications. Since there is often no distinction between the different convictions, whether they were petty crimes or something as extreme as murder, and regardless of when the applicant was released....
In one respect, rehabilitation programs have to be universal to demonstrate maximal effectiveness, as their main purpose lies in assisting all types of criminals in social reintegration. Universality, in this context, means the possibility to classify a particular offender and then identify the techniques and approaches that are the most...
Introduction There are about 450,000 Aboriginal people in Australia, and they often maintain a traditional way of life as hunters and gatherers. There are huge challenges for Indigenous people – employment problems, housing issues, difficulties with alcohol, and criminal challenges, but still; the Aboriginal population is growing steadily. Thus, it...
Discretion is one of the essential notions in the criminal justice system, standing for the right of judges and other officials to act and make decisions based on one’s dictates of consciousness. It is manifested in the fact that great power, from its own perspective, can use a flexible combination...
For this research, we will particularly look at the Robb Elementary School shootings that claimed 22 lives, including that of the gunman. Before the fatal events at the elementary school, the gunman celebrated his 18th birthday and bought at least two assault rifles as his present shortly after. Later on,...
The state of California has distinct procedures concerning correction practices. Sentencing types employed in California include jail, prison, and several alternatives, such as drug treatment programs, probation, and home detention (Shouse, 2021). The prison system in California is managed by CDCR (California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation), which concentrates on...
Re-entry programs have been developed nationwide in the form of collaborative public-private partnerships to help criminals and prisoners return to their communities as law-abiding citizens. Although such collaborations were fruitful, they were categorized as demonstrations or pilot programs, which limited their scope in terms of geographic conditions and time. The...
Summary The criminal system uses both open-system models and closed-system models. The open-system model relies on the influence of the external environment to make decisions. On the other hand, the closed-system model relies on an organization’s internal systems to account for various behaviors. For instance, if a prisoner was abused...
I believe that the developmental and neuroscience explanations of juvenile delinquency and behavior have a strong basis. Neurobiological evidence is becoming increasingly commonplace in the courts, demonstrating the effectiveness and popularity of the approach (Aono et al., 2019). Criminal law and the courts consider not only the physical actions of...
As teenagers who break the law are redirected from juvenile courts to adults with increasing frequency, questions about the appropriateness of such a practice are raised. Initially, this measure was intended to reduce the level of juvenile delinquency due to its more frequent cases (Redding, 2003). However, as a result,...
The BBC One Panorama documentary Domestic Abuse: Caught on Camera shows footage and evidence of domestic violence that has been a persistent problem in the UK. Domestic violence has accounted for one-third of recorded assaults with injury in Wales and England, as suggested in the report (BBC, 2014). The documentary...
Roach, K. (2017). Reforming and resisting the criminal law: Criminal justice and the tragically hip. Manitoba Law Journal, 40(3), 1-51. The abstract of the article makes it clear that the author focuses on the study of Tragically Hip songs as a source of calls to reform the criminal justice system....
The current paper examines one of the most influential court cases in American history – Marbury v. Madison (1803). Marbury issued a writ of mandamus to the Supreme Court that should have forced Madison to take legal action concerning the commissions of new judges. The lawsuit focused on three questions...
Although crime is a challenging topic to describe, it is necessary to do so before studying it. A crime is specified as a deliberate deed or omission in contravention of the provisions of law, perpetrated by lacking justification or rationale and condoned by the nation. Other factors also play a...
Abstract Capital punishment for juvenile offenders is a contentious issue that requires fast action to eradicate it as a form of penalty. Juvenile delinquents are incapable of reasoning like their counterparts adults but face harsh punishments in various US states and worldwide. Individuals at this age are subject to various...
Alternatives to imprisonment are disciplinary or alternative treatments for offenders that do not include incarceration in a prison or jail, either at the time of sentence or in reaction to non-compliance by an individual currently undergoing supervised release. Alternative options to incarceration in California include split sentences, which is a...
Proactive actions reflect better on society than post-factum punishments. However, such an approach requires a specific strategy for each problem. For example, the case of underage drinkers requires deterring stores from breaking the law. Worrall (2018) states that a crackdown is a practical approach when it is necessary “to remove...
Crimes of the powerful refer to a variety of illegal or destructive behaviors committed by powerful people. They can be carried out by whole organizations, corporate elites, state entities, and representatives. Some critical criminologists include domestic violence, which may be based on patriarchal ideological beliefs, and hate crimes, which may...
The rule of law is a democratic type of state, such an activity of state power, in which the rule of law is ensured. All people are equal before the law, and the rule of law is one of the main features; there is a process of equality of all...
Abstract The US is one of the nations whose statutes do not infringe on individuals’ right to own firearms. However, compared to countries like Canada, Norway, and Australia, the US reports a significantly higher number of gun violence cases and related crimes. Unfortunately, the issue of evaluating gun laws in...
Aspects of the Case Clarence Gideon was charged with petty theft after a witness pointed out his presence near the crime scene. This case was destined to change the face of the legislative judiciary in America. Gideon was charged with insufficient real evidence but did not have sufficient tools to...
The juvenile justice system is an institution that is concentrated on working with underage people who commit delinquent acts. There are many nuances related to the rights, duties, psychological maturity, and legal status of underage people that are being accused of breaking the law. Due to this, various differences exist...
The decisions of the US Supreme Court in Roper v. Simons (2005) and Graham v. Florida (2010) are major landmarks in how the juvenile justice system is exercised in the US under the Eighth amendment. On March 1, 2005, the Supreme Court reviewed the death penalty’s constitutionality for juvenile offenders....
In criminal law, plea bargaining may be defined as the practice of making a particular legal agreement between the defense and the prosecution. According to it, the defendant may plead guilty to all or some charges in exchange for the prosecutor’s concessions (Pollock, 2018). The majority of experts agree that...
