The Office of the Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention in the year 2009 released a report detailing juvenile arrest information for the year 2008 (Puzzanchera, 2009). This report based its findings on the latest data from the US Federal Bureau of Investigationâs yearly report. In general, the report reviews US juvenile...
Definition of Terms Search A search is any lawful action by a law enforcement officer aimed at obtaining or recovering evidence of crime from a potential suspect (Walkman and Goodman 2010). There are two forms of searches: one with a warrant and another without a warrant. The former refers to...
Introduction Ethical issues in police departments have become a major topic for discussion with regard to the police force as a law enforcement department of the government and society as a whole. Ethics as a branch of philosophy tends to be concerned with moral issues of right and wrong that...
Overall decrease in juvenile arrests Puzzanchera (2009) indicates that juvenile arrests in 2008 decreased by 3% compared to arrests in 2007. Moreover, there was a 2% decrease in juvenile arrests related to violent crimes over the same period. It is pertinent to note that in 2005 and 2006, arrests for...
Introduction Drug courts refer to specialized types of courts that deal with cases of nonviolent offenders who have been incarcerated for having abused drugs (Franco, 2011). Before an offender gets enrolled in a drug court program, he/she must undergo a drug test and rigorous supervision by court officials in order...
Introduction Money laundering has become a common phenomenon in nearly all the countries in the world. Money laundering is an action that involves moving money through a couple of nations with the objective of obscuring its origins (Hopton 27). Money laundering can be regarded as an act of making that...
Introduction The right to own guns is a very complicated and grave matter. Nevertheless, arms are quite factually a matter of life and death. America has a very serious problem of arms, with rates of gun associated accidents, murders, violence and suicide far beyond those of industrialized countries in numbers....
Juvenile offenders and related laws and legal procedures can be traced back to around 2270 BC during the time of the Code of Hammurabi which had provisions on how to deal with offending children. About two millenniums ago in the Roman Empire civil and church law distinguished between juvenile offenders...
Introduction Sexual offenders are people who have committed sex crimes. They are also called sex offenders, sexual abusers, or sex abusers. However, these sex crimes are relative to culture and legal jurisdiction. Most law systems bring together their laws under sections like assault, murder, or even sexual offenses amongst other...
Leadership Leadership is defined as both the process that motivates the achievement of a goal and the abilities that are inherent in a particular person, which enables him to guide that process (Sims, 2002). Essentially, leadership is what inspires others to do what the leader is convinced should be done....
Introduction In his article Defying the odds on gun regulation: The passage of bipartisan mental health laws across the states, Goss addresses the issue of mental health in relation to gun control, stating that the current gun control regulations may suffer drastic changes due to the effects that the statements...
Introduction After the completion of the trial process, defendants in the United States have the right to appeal to state and federal courts of appeals. The appellate court system in the United States should be discussed as part of the nationâs dual court system that includes both federal courts and...
Introduction The use of DNA evidence in the investigation of crimes in America dates back to 1987. Before this period, many cases remained unsolved due to a lack of sufficient evidence. Jobling and Gill (739) report that the late 1980s were characterized by problems related to admissibility. Thus, there was...
Introduction Division of powers between the institutions is the important feature of the criminal justice system in democratic societies. This separation of powers is an essential factor to protect the rights of suspects during the criminal process, regardless the focus on the civil law or on the common law principles....
Introduction Drug abuse not only affects the developing countries, but also the developed countries and therefore, countries across the world have developed and formulated laws and legislations to combat the menace of drug abuse. Although most governments remain liberal in the use of the non-psychotropic drugs, almost all governments of...
In the given paper, some of the possible variants of eliminating the cases of discrimination are going to be considered. It is obvious that the main goal of the criminal sanctions is to decrease the likelihood of the accident occurring. However, certain disparities against African Americans and other nationalities have...
Justice is quite an elusive term. For example, justice could imply different things to different individuals within the same society. Justice is not just an ambiguous term during times of war or to the politicians, but even within the criminal justice system, the idea of how to achieve justice is...
The research question answered in this paper seeks to identify the role played by police in crime prevention. There are several parties involved in crime prevention. However, each one of them has unique roles that dictate overall success crime prevention. This research question is important since crime prevention is not...
Introduction The criminal justice system is the branch of judiciary that is mandated to deal with all criminal matters that are brought to court for determination. Usually, when a criminal matter is brought before a court of law, there is always a procedure that is followed in determining the matters...
Introduction Every kind of crime consists of a certain element whose existence should be proved by the government in order for a conviction to be given by a court of law. Similarly, every crime has a law against it without which the act cannot be termed as a crime due...
Introduction Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 is a federal statute which was enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress. The act is aimed at protecting âchildren from sexual exploitation and violent crimeâ, preventing âchild abuse and child...
Introduction One of the primary objectives of any government is to provide security and protection to its citizens from all forms of security threats. One of how this can be ensured is through the enactment of policies regulating the use of guns. However, a tug of war between the U.S...
Introduction The ethical conduct of public officials, such as the police plays a significant role in determining the performance of such public agencies. Police deviant behavior refers to activities that a police officer may undertake during the line of duty that is not consistent with the societal values and ethical...
Introduction Juveniles are the young people, children, and youths, who have not attained the age of being regarded as adults. Adults, on the other hand, are people who are considered grown-ups and independent hence fully accountable for their deeds. The difference between the juveniles and the adults has led to...
Introduction Capital punishment refers to the legally recognized imposition of death as a penalty and right from olden times it has been used for a broad selection of felonies. Offenses that can attract a death sentence are referred to as capital offenses or crimes. The reference capital has its roots...
Introduction Criminal justice is a broad term that encompasses different aspects of justice in crime. It is societyâs instrument in maintaining social control. Siegel (2010) states that âsome behaviors are so dangerous that they must be controlled or strictly prohibited in the societyâ (p. 8). To moderate societal behavior, the...
Introduction Juvenile justice refers to the form of legal justice administered to legal offenders who are minors. These minors may be involved in different forms of criminal activities, which require legal intervention. Jurisdictions across the states of the United States are adapting the case management model to deal with most...
Introduction Wrongful conviction can be one of the most agonizing experiences that a human being can endure. It not only tortures the wrongful convictee psychologically, but also allows the person who committed the actual crime to unfairly enjoy the fruit of freedom and probably commit even more serious crimes. The...
Introduction Bloom & Brodin (2006) defines probable cause as the quantity of facts and circumstances that the police officer has established which allows him to reasonably conclude that the individual in question was involved in the crime hence warranting the individualâs arrest or that specific evidence related to a crime...
Introduction Youth conferences are meetings that are convened to consider how young people should be dealt with when they commit offenses. It is expected that at the end of such conferences, there will be an action plan for dealing with the offenses and the offenders according to the principles that...
Legal Elements of Criminal versus Negligent Liability for the Organization The concept of corporate criminal liability in the United States originally included mens rea offences as confirmed by the U S Supreme Court in New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company v U.S. The scope of corporate criminal liability...
Introduction Parents can play a crucial role in the juvenile justice system as various studies suggest that the influence of parents and children’s education contributes to the development of the behavior that leads to the juvenile offense. An investigation of the issue in the relationships between juvenile and a parent...
Even though the juvenile justice system in the US has been in place for more than 100 years, questions about its necessity can still be heard among experts and enthusiasts. In the 1990s, increased access to guns and drugs, together with gang activity, led to a significant rise in serious...
Like with any other institution as fundamental as law enforcement agencies, the history of their formation and development is rich and stretches far in the past. Law enforcement in the US alongside two other crucial components of criminal justice builds its basis. These three elements function independently to a certain...
The question about gun control as necessity or obligatoriness always troubled society. Moreover, the gun control dispute always arise the main question: who is more reliable, the government or the ordinary people? There are still a lot of people who are against gun control. I am not an exception. The...
Background The federal government of Canada is responsible for the child abuse. Canada became a U.N. Convention signatory in 1991 and agreed to uphold the rights of children. Canada is therefore accountable with regard to children rights. The rights include protection, safety and a nurturing environment for the development of...
Introduction Juvenile offenders have been prone to recidivism and the rates of juvenile recidivism have been very high in the United States. There are several reasons which have been put forward by experts to explain the reasons for juvenile offending, including poverty and lack of effective educational programs (De la...
Abstract In today’s US justice system there is an increasing recognition that jury trials are now a rarity in America and instead there is the popular and becoming a common practice in the legal scenes described as plea bargaining in American courts. This popularity in its use triggers some worth...
Introduction The present civilization has started considering the constitutional rights that ultimately support them from exploitation and impairment, as granted. The advancement of law and policies has changed the ethical standard of the general public. Thus, today the civilians live a better life with higher standard of living than the...
Introduction The death penalty, or capital punishment, is considered to be a personâs execution by the state law as a criminal punishment. This type of punishment takes place when the crime is capital and requires death according to state law. In different countries, the death penalty has various meanings, and...
Abstract Criminal law is a division of law that elucidates crimes, describes about their nature and defines available punishment for a criminal offense. There is a clear distinction between a civil law and a criminal law. The main intention of a criminal law is to safeguard society. One of the...
In the United States court system, juvenile lawbreakers have in times gone by been treated differently from grown-ups. Juvenile lawbreakers are considered less on the wrong side of the law and more acquiescent to rehabilitation. Adult lawbreakers on the other hand are considered toughened criminals. Why do we need juvenile...
Introduction This paper seeks to develop a criminal justice integration project that involves an analysis of major components of the criminal justice system, inclusive of private security functions, and the preparation of an âintegration planâ for the development of improved interactions between law enforcement, private security, the courts, and institutional...
Outline Thesis: In recent times, the growing number of incidents has led the policy-makers and elders of the nation to rethink the law-making policy for the juveniles of the country. Available literature and statistics show that in the year 1990 more than two million juvenile apprehensions were directly filed in...
Introduction Firearms are an essential aspect of the American culture, and many consider the right to own a gun essential freedom under the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution. However, the level of gun violence exacerbated by a number of mass shootings in peaceful communities and schools is creating...
The foundation of the American criminal justice system is located within the U.S. Constitution, specifically in the Bill of Rights, the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution which guarantees every U.S. citizen certain fundamental liberties and rights. About criminal procedures, the foremost of these rights is the assumption of innocence....
Introduction The three-strikes law is a legislation that requires an individual who has been convicted of a severe felony for the third time to serve a mandatory life sentence. The law aims to incapacitate habitual criminals through harsher sentences. The legislation is considered controversial because of the debate regarding its...
Introduction On many occasions, the American criminal justice system has been accused of being racist. Such disparities turn into racial discrimination if people are treated differently by the justice system because of their ethnicity. For example, African Americans are arrested for drug offenses at more than twice the rate of...
The Virginia Tech Massacre, the Columbine High School Massacre and the most recent Santa Barbara Massacre changed the way people look at college campuses. Public schools and universities are no longer seen as safe haven for young people, so that they can study and learn about science, arts, language, and...
Abstract In the United States, the dual court system had a long history and was established prior to the Constitution. It is needed for separating the power distribution between different branches and ensuring that each case is tried within an appropriate context. The dual federal/state court system gives both systems...
Abstract The paper presents the analysis of a juvenile justice case. The defenderâs duty is to protect the rights of the boy who stole a car, drove it without a license, and crashed it into a storefront. The paper is divided into several important chapters. At first, the juvenile defense...
The sentencing in the American courts makes a complicated issue for long discussions. It is a complex system which includes interconnected institutions such as judges, lawyers, the public, and the jury when it is applied. A specific feature of American sentencing system is the death-defying sentence which lasts longer than...
Literature Review on the Equal Protection Clause and DNA Evidence The key objective of the Equal Protection Clause is to help the US citizens to fight for their right of non-denial when it comes to the jurisdiction and protection of the law. Therefore, the basic aspect of this clause is...
Introduction The fundamental principle of a criminal justice system is to protect innocent citizens from unlawful acts and interferences by criminals. This principle is reinforced through criminal law, which is entrenched in the constitution. Criminal justice systems must follow criminal procedures that safeguard the rights of individuals. Criminal procedures begin...
The final paper will discuss the premises of wrongful convictions and why it should be seen by the government as one of the most critical issues that are inherent in the current legislation. The basis of research on the issue of wrongful convictions will be supported by this particular article...
