Criminal and civil law are two distinct bodies whose purpose is to punish or deter violations and compensate victims for associated harm. However, criminal and civil law encompasses different rules, regulations and procedures and adopt varying approaches to resolve disputes and deliver justice. Criminal law addresses crimes against individuals and...
Introduction A distinctive feature of America’s judiciary institution from those in other countries is its duality. It is divided into two sub-systems: state and federal courts. Each of them has the same stepped structure consisting of trial, appellate, and last resort courts. State courts deal with cases of a precedential...
Abuse of power is described as economic crime, public corruption, white-collar crime, occupational, and governmental or corporate deviance. Three forms of abuse involve financial, sexual, and physical. This type of crime exists in almost all industries, even in the justice system, where it is least expected. The misconduct can involve...
Maguire, E. R. (1997). Structural change in large municipal police organizations during the community policing era. Justice Quarterly, 14(3), 547-576. Web. The articles present a study of the structural changes that have occurred in large municipal police institutions within the community policing period. While the changes in the structure of...
One of the most debatable issues in modern society is gun violence since it poses an enormous threat to the establishment of safety. The spread of permits for weapon possession has led to homicides, assaults, suicides, robbery, and other terrors across the U.S. for the past decades. At the moment,...
The United States of America is one of the most celebrated democracies in the world, and the citizens enjoy privileges enshrined in the bill of rights. The most contentious adjustment in American laws was the second amendment which permitted people to own guns. However, the law increased the number of...
Introduction The criminal justice system in the United States consists of a wide range of public and private entities working together to investigate and punish criminals. Law enforcement is expected to work in conjunction with the court and the detection and corrections systems. The three arms must collaborate to deter...
Introduction Human trafficking is one of the forms of natural rights violation since the victims are subjected to cruel activities, including forced labor. The crime has its roots in the slave trade that started in the early 19th century. During the colonial period in the U.S., many Africans were trafficked...
Child abuse is a critical problem for society because it leads to substantial psychological trauma affecting children’s future lives. Thus, governments of different countries have been working to address this issue by implementing new approaches to treating sex offenders. One of the controversial legislations refers to the notification of neighbors...
The admissibility of victim impact evidence, especially during the penalty phase of a capital murder trial, remains a highly controversial question. The first case that addressed it was Booth v. Maryland, 482 U.S. 496 (1987) – John Booth was found guilty “of two counts of first-degree murder and related crimes,”...
Judicial Activism and the Role of the Judiciary The US Constitution describes a set of laws that all individuals, private institutions, and government agencies should adhere to for a safe, just, and prosperous society. Hence, the judiciary is the branch of the government responsible for enforcing these regulations and bringing...
Introduction When it comes to criminal defense, one of its key factors is choosing a wise path of acting by creating a fair doubt in case. Not every reason can be used as a defense; thus, any attorney should focus on learning and getting a better understanding of the defense...
Introduction Repressive sex work policies characterize sexual politics all over the world. In most parts, sex work criminalization is dominant. However, people still engage in the practice. Thus, the abolition-like policy has always characterized many regimes with regard to how they view sex work. The rallying calls behind this policy...
The President’s Council on Enforcement Agencies and Justice Administration report had just started to have a significant impact on public and professional opinion ten years ago. Although several modifications and enhancements were suggested, the information overall gave probationers a lot of reason for optimism. Probation has a bright future, as...
Criminal law cases and the application of the Fourth Amendment call for an understanding of pertinent issues that define defendants’ and respondents’ rights. In the case entailing The State of Confusion v. William K. Defendant, two main issues will be addressed to draw conclusions about the matter. First, the forceful...
Civil law generally refers to the legal codes and systems in place to resolve individual disputes. In contrast, criminal law is the body of law that deals with punishment for offenses committed against the state. The key difference amongst the two is that civil law is focused on restitution for...
The main purpose of bail reform is to provide better outcomes for defendants and reduce the number of people incarcerated before being convicted of a crime. The criminal justice system is a complex web of interrelated processes, policies, and procedures throughout the country (Green, 2018). Bail reform is relevant to...
It is important to note that the purpose of prisons and the correctional system is to ensure that a person changes his or her behavior in order to avoid committing crimes after release. The theme is that imprisonment is a major part of the correction. It protects society from dangerous...
Introduction Did the interviewee, whom authorities know to be a psychiatric case and who was later found guilty of a crime, waive his Sixth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment constitutional protections to the legal representation by making defamatory statements to law enforcement officers while he was being transferred from the city...
Facts of the Case The defendant, Byrd Terrence, was a driver of a rental car but was not listed on the rental agreement. The police found heroin in the car’s trunk upon stopping Byrd and searching it. Procedural History The cases started in the trial court which denied Byrd’s motion....
Introduction Crime has become a serious international issue due to epidemic levels of increased youth crime. Given the recent increase in this group, there is a greater need than ever to adopt efforts to reduce and prevent youth-age crime. Juvenile criminality is the participation in unlawful behaviors by individuals considered...
Introduction Drug possession, drug trafficking, and drug use have become significant problems in American society. Substance abuse has been especially prevalent in the criminal justice system, as many offenders are addicted to drugs. Factors that contribute to drug abuse are peer pressure among the youth and dysfunctional families. Abuse and...
Introduction Serial killers are a statistically small, but concerning problem of modern society. While few in number, serial killers are able to put significant stress on their local communities, affecting individuals both emotionally and physically (Wester & Reyes, 2021). For this reason, it is important to gain a better understanding...
Introduction The way in which the juvenile justice system has been functioning is exceptionally flawed. According to a study by Tashea and Passarella (2014), one out of every 100 children between the ages of 10 and 17 is sent to prison in the United States. Yet, there is a stigma...
Introduction Youth crime is one of the most serious problems in modern society. It is dangerous due to not only potential harmful behaviors and life risks but also because it impedes general safety, ruins families, and gives rise to other related crime practices. Besides, the evolvement of illicit drug markets...
Introduction Legal penalties for persons found guilty of crimes, including arson, assault, and theft, are established by criminal laws at the municipal, state, and federal levels. Only the criminal court system handles instances involving criminal law (Ross, 2018). Civil laws, on the other hand, deal with someone’s personal rights. Discussion...
Introduction Mass incarceration is a common policy that characterizes the nature of the American criminal justice system. Wildeman (2021) indicates that the malpractice began in the year 1970, a trend that would result in an increasing prison population. This policy has led to the growth of inmates in the U.S....
Amber mistakenly entered Bo’s apartment, assuming it was hers and shot him, worrying she was in danger. The defendant stated that she was fearing for her life and was tired after work. However, Bo’s apartment was marked by a red doormat, while Amber’s did not have one. There was no...
Introduction It is hard to disagree that various motifs, attitudes, and views may influence and strengthen one’s ability to hurt other people. What is more, an individual’s mental condition can also play a significant role in the development of their amoral and sociopathic intentions. For example, it may be dangerous...
In a criminal case, competency represents the capacity of a defendant to engage meaningfully and make decisions during the criminal justice process. Mental competency refers to the ability of a person to make rational decisions and express themselves. Thus, if an individual is considered mentally incompetent, they have psychological and...
Entrapment refers to a defense to criminal charges on the basis that the defendant only committed the said act because of being subjected to coercion or harassment by a government official. Thus, it is suggested that without pressure occurring, the crime under question would have never been committed initially. The...
Introduction Hot spot policing involves concentrating police resources where crime is most prevalent. The method is predicated on the concept that disorder and crime tend to cluster in particular locations as opposed to being evenly spread throughout neighborhoods (Baumgartner et al., 2018). It is determined that crime can be prevented...
Kero, K. M., Puuronenm A. H., Nyqvist, L., & Langen, V. L. (2020). Usability of two brief questions as a screening tool for domestic violence and effect of #MeToo on the prevalence of self-reported violence. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 255, 92-97. Web. The article focuses...
People continuously encounter various situations, and some individuals witness dangerous incidents happen to other persons but do nothing to interfere. In his assessment, Dressler (2000) presents criminal cases where bystanders did not help victims and explain the nature of BS (Bad Samaritan) laws in the US. BS statutes are meant...
Britain is one of the most developed countries with institutions that observe equality regardless of gender, age, ethnic background, or any other social identification. However, the recent happenings within the precincts of the criminal justice system prove the opposite. Routinely, the newsrooms have aired cases of Britons and foreigners being...
Social Bonding Theory According to social bonding theory, most crimes are committed due to a lack of control. This theory explains why some people abstain from crime rather than commit it. Social control results from socialization, the process by which individuals develop the concept of good and bad. In the...
Introduction Currently, there are limited indications that mental illness may independently predict criminal behaviour. Contrary to popular belief, abundant evidence indicates that people with mental illness are significantly more likely to be crime perpetrators. This report from a forensic evaluation is for Derek’s counsel and outlines his mental problem for...
In the Real Estate and Investment Scams section, the FTC website provides advice on how quickly investment schemes rush to teach potential customers about available opportunities. Still, they end up charging hefty prices for their sales. They indicate that the customer will make vast chunks of money with low risk...
Introduction Identity theft is among the most rapidly growing white-collar crime in the United States. Criminal activity continues to be a concern for law enforcement and policymakers as it affects the security and economic sectors of the nation. Globalization and increased cyber insecurity are the major contributing factors to identity...
Introduction Children who exhibit characteristics that might indicate a potential for delinquency later in life should focus on early childhood crime prevention initiatives. A thorough intervention program can be most successful when a child is young. Early infancy is a susceptible period for children as their brains develop, and they...
The criminal and civil laws differ on a wide range of factors, ranging from deciding the cases, initiation, imposed punishments, and the available legal protections for the defendant. Unlike civil law, which handles cases that constitute an injury to a person or any other private institution, criminal law deals with...
Introduction State-specific definitions of violent crimes may differ, although they frequently include significant property crimes like arson, assault, and battery on another person, as well as sexual offenses like rape. The Federal Bureau of Investigation divides violent crimes into four categories for statistical purposes: murder, forcible rape, robbery, and severe...
Abstract In the US, a public defender means a legal practitioner who is picked by courts and given duties to represent those who may not afford to hire private attorneys. A juvenile offender is a person charged with a violation of law but they are under the age of eighteen...
Background of the case Lyle Menendez, Erik Menendez, Jose Menendez and Kitty Menendez were involved in the particular crime. Lyle and Eric are brothers: they were killers; Jose and Kitty, their parents – victims. The place of the crime was their Beverley Hills home in the State of California (The...
Introduction Domestic violence cases are becoming more spread among the population worldwide. There is a developing tendency that allows people to stop being silent about domestic abuse incidents, although many individuals are still scared of defending themselves. Martha Monroe v. United States is a demonstrative murder trial with numerous investigative...
Introduction Under the Fifth Amendment, everyone has the right not to incriminate themselves. However, to ensure that suspects understand their rights, the police must read the Miranda warning before interrogation. In most cases, the police are required to do it, regardless of the circumstances. However, exceptions are possible for some...
Gun violence is a crime committed using firearms. In his article, “Our Blind Spot About Guns,” Kristof argues that gun violence is rampant in us due to the lack of strict laws regulating the acquisition of guns. The author argues that if there were strict laws regulating the purchase of...
Transnational crimes are a growing problem in the U.S., Brazil, and Libya. The countries are ranked in the first one-third, middle and last one-third in the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), respectively. One of the most prevalent international crimes is drug trafficking. Drug trafficking is a significant issue in all...
Juvenile Justice System The widespread criticism against China’s juvenile justice system, especially on social media platforms, raises concerns over the appropriate age of crime liability. A recent surge in juvenile crimes reveals several critical factors that shape people’s attitudes concerning its effectiveness. For instance, the curve of juvenile sexual assault...
Introduction The California criminal justice system plays an integral role in shaping the quality of law enforcement. The stakeholders, such as federal law enforcement agencies, the public and the state government, have recognized the need to adopt new policies within the California criminal justice system. In 2021, the California governor...
Introduction Voluntary false confessions come from a suspect rather than being forced during questioning. The desire to shield the actual offender is among the most frequent motives for making this kind of false confession (e.g., a family member). False confessions may, however, be given voluntarily for various reasons, including the...
The key prevailing feature in Vermont’s bad Samaritan act is that it gives passersby a wide duty to provide sensible help to anybody in danger of serious physical injury. Samaritans have this obligation irrespective of whether that injury is occasioned by a crime, accident, or any form of emergency. Historically,...
The principle of intoxication outlines that when someone is under the influence of drugs or alcohol when committing a crime, their level of intoxication may be so great that they cannot have the necessary men’s rea for the violent act. There are two categories of intoxication; involuntary and involuntary intoxication....
The most important concepts learned in the course are the civil law, criminal law and false light. The term “civil law” refers to a body of legislation that distinguishes itself from criminal law and business law by focusing on the rights and responsibilities of individuals and the interactions between them...
In an article in The Washington Post entitled Sexual Assault in the military continues to rise despite efforts to Reverse, the author focuses on the issue of sexual assault in the Army of the United States. One of the critical conclusions that the author draws is that the situation is...
The incarceration of Australian Aboriginal youth is one characterized by immense injustice. These youths are imprisoned as early as 10 years, despite appeals by the indigenous groups to raise the criminal age to the global 14 years. The conditions are also undesirable, with the prisons having poor hygiene care and...
Although I understand the logic behind the post and its arguments, I think that juvenile criminal records should be accounted for when conducting searches. Parental presence during searches must be mandatory for first-time offenders or suspects since these adolescents or children are the direct responsibility of the parents. In other...
Drug abuse has been a major social problem for the last century and to the present day. The main argument for banning drugs is their harm to a person’s physical and mental health. However, many of the now-illegal drugs started out as prescription medications for both physical and mental conditions....
Though most people despise the thought of killing, Islam is the only faith that considers the murder of one innocent person to be the murder of all humans. Many believers and nonbelievers in today’s society recognize the inherent worth of all human beings. They, therefore, consider murder a high-level crime...
Research Question: What punishment should be applied to reduce the number of sexual assault cases? Theses Statement: Based on the chosen annotated bibliography, around the world sexual violence is a significant social and public health issue that needs proper punishment for those responsible. Consequently, little is known about how well...
In the USA, there is more and more news about police shooting at criminals and innocent people. Police shooting is often associated with a particular attitude to the victim’s race or ethnicity. In addition, these shootings are often unregistered, and the number of such murders at the hands of a...
When it comes to the court’s power, youth, much more than adults, require access to competent counsel. Undoubtedly, serious violations of the law cannot go unpunished, regardless of the offender’s age, but when a child’s liberty and independence are threatened, meaningful access to legal assistance and a juvenile defense attorney’s...
Introduction Crime investigators depend on different sources of evidence to identify the suspect or unravel how an incident occurred. One of the significant sources of evidence is paint, especially in hit-and-run cases since it can help to link the victim and the suspected automobile. Paint can provide treasured evidence in...
Based on the nuances of Andrea Yates’ criminal case, one can note that the woman meets the criteria of an insanity defense. While taking into account the background of the tragedy and the testimonies of the defendant at the trial, her mental state was significantly impaired. The voices that Yates...
INTERPOL is the only police organization functioning at the global level. It plays a distinctive role in boosting international policing actions. The organization focuses on three priority crime areas; organized and emerging crime, counter-terrorism, and cybercrime. While developing the Global Policing Goals (GPGs), INTERPOL ensured that they aligned with the...
A crime is an action committed that is illegal and punishable by law. Major causes of crimes are poverty, drugs, unemployment, and politics. There are various ways in which crimes can be conducted, including but not limited to; arson, burglary, child and domestic abuse, fraud, and cybercrime. The outcomes of...
Introduction The FBI’s crime-fighting occurs in various areas, including investigating serious crimes involving harm to the life and health of people, cybercrime, and white-collar crimes. The latter can be of several types, depending on the object of the crime and criminal schemes, but they all are aimed at making a...
Although the Supreme Court has addressed the Fourth Amendment and police use of force on countless occasions, the two most significant court cases involved Graham and Garner. The first case (Graham versus Connor) involved the detention and release of a suspicious person whereby a City of Charlotte officer M.S. Connor...
The critical issue of political, moral, and social choice in criminal justice is the relationship between individual rights and the fight against crime. The main criterion for establishing the limits for satisfying the interests of a particular person is the interests of other persons, including public ones. The basis for...
Introduction The paper’s purpose is to evaluate the article and outline the study’s strengths, weaknesses, and applicability to practice. The text’s structure comprises an introduction outline and the article’s problem statement. The research’s strengths and weaknesses are also crucial sections of the paper. Additionally, two areas recommended for future research...
Introduction Criminal justice is one of the most important institutions in society because it ensures compliance and adherence to the law by putting in place an accountability mechanism that follows violations and punishes them accordingly. The included authorities and departments investigate wrongdoings, prosecute, and sentence perpetrators who are then sent...
Government of Canada. (2022). Making the criminal justice system more responsive to victims. The article provides the information on acknowledgment by the Canadian government that victimization can have devastating and long-lasting effects. The source is reliable because it provides information on how to protect victims of crime from exploitation and...
Introduction Dollree Mapp, an Ohio woman, was suspected of having bombing material in 1961. Using a fake warrant, an Ohio local police officer entered her house and seized lewd and lascivious material from the basement. The item was enough evidence to justify Dollree’s case, and he was charged, ready for...
Introduction The Miranda case is based on violating the American people’s Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights. After Miranda was arrested in his residential area, he underwent a very long interrogation by the police, followed by a confession written by him and a witness said to have recognized him as the...
Introduction Military tribunals have been used historically, especially in times of conflict. A military court, as opposed to a civilian court, is in charge of these judicial processes. Military courts typically try military personnel implicated in major offenses such as treason or crimes against humanity and citizens charged with terrorism...
Law review articles discuss the constitutionality of strip searches and purely legal frameworks without considering the individual experiences and reactions of detainees who are searched. Strip searches often cause humiliation, embarrassment, and discomfort no matter how professionally and privately conducted (Babbar 1745). The constitution in the Fourth Amendment protects individuals...
Evidence of Prewriting and Thesis How effective are the laws for gun control? Are they needed, or is it vital that civilians have the right to self-defense through easy and legal access to guns? The two questions are of paramount significance to the citizens of the United States. On the...
Main Issues: Brady v. Maryland U.S. 83 (1963) William Brooks was strangled following a robbery in 1958, and John Brady and Charles Boblit were arrested for his murder. It is worth mentioning that Brady and Boblit were each tried individually. Brady was the first to appear in court, and he...
Introduction Institutional and non-institutional corrections for jails/prisoners are two approaches to rehabilitating criminals. The term corrections describe the administration of a system for monitoring offenders who have been apprehended, tried and found guilty of a crime. There are two main inmate populations in the correctional system: those in institutional settings...
Introduction The prosecution pursues Karen’s liability for the death of Frances, where she was found liable for criminally negligent manslaughter under s 18 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) (‘Crimes Act’). According to common law, Karen had committed criminally negligent manslaughter, which links to whether or not there was “a...
Introduction In a report on the population of correctional facilities in the United States, the authors found that the population of people who were under some form of supervision had dropped past 6.4 million for the first time since 1999 (Minton et al.). They estimated that the inmate population across...
Summary The Timeline of the Appeals Process Petition on 30th October 1984: The Appellant brought the case to the court’s notice in this case study. According to Tennessee law, once an enforcement official has given orders to seize an offender and the criminal flees on purpose or resists being arrested,...
Most people would agree that prisoners deserve safe living and housing conditions. However, this is not the case in most prisons and jails in the US, as most do not have air conditioning, which is essential for humans’ health, especially during extreme temperatures. Most prisoners complain of intense heat during...
Introduction Young people from racial minority groups are often at risk of joining criminal gangs, which destroys the future of these adolescents and makes the city unsafe. Undoubtedly, local authorities do their best to prevent the youth from engaging in gang activities, but more advanced and theory-based measures are required....
Human Welfare and Improvement of Quality of Life Forensic psychology is concerned with treating offenders, understanding their criminal behavior, and how psychology can be applied in courts of law. It is an important branch of psychology because offenders’ recidivism and criminal activity are frequently brought to the public’s attention. The...
Introduction The United States (US) government at the federal, state, and local level carries a lot of responsibilities, including the duty to protect the citizenry from crime. The country is characterized by a high level of crime rate, with homicide and assault being the most common crimes (Bohm 2017). Other...
Six studies analyzed for this research have used three main types of methodologies, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Based on the methodology used in the study, the types and patterns of data collection have also varied. Quantitative studies conducted by Feigenberg & Miller (2021) and Sartor (2018) have applied...
Abstract Youth crime is a severe social problem that jeopardizes public safety and hinders the well-being of minors. The high prevalence of the problem in the UK and its far-reaching adverse implications necessitate conducting an in-depth research on the causes of youth crime. The proposed study will identify social and...
Thousands of young people commit crimes every year and receive punishment for them. The state is also passing other laws to increase criminal liability for incarcerated juveniles. The official Criminal Justice Act is different from other laws that also provide punishment for juvenile delinquents. When considering the law on Young...
Introduction The basis of the case is the armed robbery of a store by a minor criminal, Tony Soprano. After the crime was committed, the criminal was caught on security cameras several times, which made it possible to catch the Soprano and present him before the court. The young man...
Introduction Juvenile delinquency is an urgent social issue that plagues numerous families. Although children are not old enough to be subjected to full-scale criminal persecution, the damage done to society necessitates the delivery of proper justice. Even though crimes and offenses are committed by children and adolescents, attention is always...
Abstract The judicial system created prisons to house criminals as they complete their prison terms after being sentenced and held responsible for criminal actions in court. When special interest groups are subject to the judicial system, particularly the prison division, correctional facilities are tailored to satisfy their demands. However, this...
The current assignment focuses on the problems of juvenile delinquency. In particular, the topic concerns facts, processes, and phenomena that make underage individuals engage in criminal practices. Illegal behaviors are relatively widespread among children and teenagers, which is dangerous for society because there is a significant number of would-be criminals....
Restorative justice is an approach within the criminal authority system that presents alternative ways to reach law. This technique aims to maintain equity by organizing negotiations between victim and offender, during which they will discuss the most efficient conditions that would satisfy both parties. Restorative methods include acknowledgment, apology, and...
Seminal cases that defined the further process of considering specific cases in the U.S. justice system represent scenarios of particular interest due to their significance and the effect that they have produced on the further shaping of court processes. The decision passed in the In re Gault case represents an...
Introduction Juvenile delinquency and crime are prevalent social problems in the USA. In response, the government has built jails for young adults below 18 years to curb their malignant behavior. Introducing children to the justice system at such a young age, when their cognitive abilities are yet to mature, ensures...
There are polarized views regarding non-violent crime in principle, but a more peaceful solution is increasingly being expressed for young people. The central thesis of the chairman of the Government Council for developing recommendations on the imposition of criminal penalties in the courts of England and Wales, Andrew Ashworth, is...
The Criminal Cases Review Commission was founded on 31 March 1997. It was created by the Criminal supplication Act 1995. The CCRC has the right to refer cases to the appropriate court for an appeal to be heard (Section 321 and Schedule 11 of the Act relating to powers of...
Issue in Question Whether the execution of a person who was 17 years old when he executed a murder is prohibited under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments because it would be a “cruel and inhumane” penalty. Facts The plaintiff in action is Donald P. Roper, who worked as a superintendent...
Background It is important to consider the work of a law enforcement officer to understand the similarities and differences between Frank Serpico and Robert Leuci. Policing is a morally dangerous occupation, and ethical behavior within it is a matter of character. Everything about the work of a police officer is...
Background Criminal justice policies are meant not only to arrest criminals or guarantee that they are abiding by the norms of the facilities where they have been detained but also to guarantee that the criminal justice system is impartial and capable of carrying out its intended functions. The State of...
One of the most common problems regarding the use, storage, or transfer of digital and electronic evidence in court is the type and format of records demonstrating the objectivity, accuracy, security, and reliability of data. Thus, digital records that can be affected by gossip are an evidentiary difficulty. The regulation...
