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The concept of a psychopath is one of the most distorted in the public mind. The situation is also complicated because, in the early version, psychopaths were considered people with abnormal psychology, which includes a considerable number of different diseases. However, there is a series of well-articulated characteristics of psychopathy...
The Orlando shooting of 2016, commonly known as the Pulse nightclub shooting, was a mass shooting that occurred in the early morning hours of June 12, 2016, at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida, leaving 49 people dead and more than 50 injured. It was, at the time, the bloodiest...
Law and order are among the most significant factors that help ensure a nation’s stability since it provides an environment for better well-being. The United States of America government has invested financial resources towards ensuring effectiveness in the delivery of justice within the nation. Justice is achieved only if the...
Introduction Randall is a 32-year-old African American man born and raised in Detroit. His life is overwhelmed with the experience of family neglect, sexual abuse, substance dependence, and repetitive criminal activity. Randall has nine felony convictions, including four probations, three jail times, and two imprisonments. Randall is now married, yet...
Introduction The criminal justice system often has complex relationships with different cultural communities. In order to address such an issue, it is essential to conduct an analysis of the factors affecting communities’ problematic views on the criminal justice. Hispanic communities, refugees, and people of color constitute groups of individuals who...
Introduction Over the past years, the issue of prison overcrowding has been a significant factor affecting the criminal justice system. The rate of congestion in the correctional facilities is fluctuating following the increase in the number of inmates serving their sentences. The overpopulation is causing severe impacts on the lives...
Introduction For more than three decades, the privatization of prisons and detention centers has been a contentious issue in U.S. politics. At the end of President Obama’s second term, the administration under Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates highlighted a plan to phase out the private prisons (Craig & Pond Cummings,...
Introduction According to some critics, mental and cognitive isolation and discrimination are commonplace in juvenile justice systems. No one cares about how young people with disabilities are treated differently in prison. The Competitive Juvenile Penalization Program, a critical cross-jurisdictional study of the juvenile justice system and penality in the United...
Introduction While the course of studying the educational materials, we touched on the big topic of the close connection between culture, psychology, and the overall legal system (Costanzo & Krauss, 2012). The modern arrangement of laws is developed according to determined schemes and algorithms, while the world is shifting very...
Introduction Eyewitnesses are untrustworthy due to amnesia and age variables; additionally, elderly witnesses seem to be more unreliable than younger generations. As they provide incorrect responses and are more convincing, these seniors are typically insistent and confident. Poor vision might sometimes render eyewitness reports untrustworthy. In court hearings, adequate visual...
An adversarial judicial system aims to present conflicting views to an impartial arbitrator who decides which side is right. The adversarial judicial system protects the rights of citizens: personal autonomy, the assistance of a lawyer, equal protection from the law, and the right to prove guilt (Guarnieri & Pederzoli, 2020)....
Introduction The articles under consideration speak about the modifications of the work of federal and state courts. The publication of Marc Galanter claims the decline in trials, the shift in their makeup, and the increasing complexity of procedures. In turn, the piece of Mae C. Quinn is devoted to the...
Background It is important to note that the specific topic to be analyzed is Alton Logan’s wrongful conviction case. The relevant historical information about the separate issue is that Alton Logan was unjustly convicted of a homicide he did not execute and spent 26 years in prison. The actual killer...
Introduction Incarcerated individuals or persons with pending criminal charges have unique needs. Nelson Mandela is credited with stating that the manner in which society treats its prisoners is a sharp reflection of its character (Penal Reform International, 2019). Incarcerated individuals require health services, behavior change interventions, education, and vocational training....
Marty Meth and Todd Tweaker decide to rob Mel’s liquor store. Marty gets a billy club and Todd gets a 12-gauge shotgun with a 12-inch barrel. They arrive at Mel’s liquor store and see the owner, Mel, by himself in the store behind the counter. They did not know that...
Introduction Many people require supervision in the United States, which makes it essential to understand the contributing factors to their success. The number of people under probation and parole is higher than that of people incarcerated in federal, state, or local institutions. Both probation and parole are considered community correction...
Introduction Constitutional carry law refers to state laws that advocate for the freedom to carry a firearm either openly or concealed. The law does not prohibit citizens from openly carrying a firearm in public spaces as no state permit is required. Under constitutional carry law, there are no background checks,...
The U.S. Supreme Court has made many landmark decisions in its history which ensured civil liberties for the citizens of the country. The first amendment of the Bill of Rights is an essential part of the United States democracy, and it has been protected by the Supreme Court on numerous...
The article about liberty and security provides information about personal security and freedom of speech. The main topic discussed in the paper presented by Haynes (2015) is phone recording. The USA Freedom Act sets an unpredicted future that might change quickly and sometimes carry negative consequences. The bill has split...
Human resources management is an integral part of the development and existence of the business and the company’s economy. It includes strategies and solutions to improve workforce management in any working structure. Legislation is often supplemented by regulations that improve certain mechanisms in this area. The purpose of the work...
Currently, many factors are limiting the freedoms of representatives of the LGBTQ community. However, the scale of these difficulties is incomparable to the situation more than 40 years ago, when the manifestation of homosexuality led to a 20-year sentence in all US states. The prerequisites for significant changes in the...
The Constitution of the United States represents the fundamental law of the country’s federal system of government and remains the Western world’s landmark. From the text of the document itself, it becomes apparent that there is a need to determine the Constitution’s meaning through the use of various methods of...
The case was between Oliver Brown, Mrs. Sadie Emanuel, and Mrs. Richard Lawton. They were appellants against the board of education of Topeka, Shawnee County in Kansas, the appellee. The case’s location was Monroe School, where it was argued on 6th December 1952, reargued on 7th December 1953, and decided...
The First Amendment is all about promoting the freedom of words and having no limits to different opinions. The initial cause for its creation was to establish a dialogue between the government and the population. Although people are supposed to speak their minds freely, some kinds of speech get less...
Introduction: Americans’ Fear of Crime Despite the gradual decrease in crime rates in America since the early 1990s, Americans remain highly insecure (Koerth and Thomson-DeVeaux). Their fear of crime is driven by an array of issues, including their overestimation of the likelihood of a crime occurring. For instance, while carjacking...
Zalnieriute, M., Moses, L. B., & Williams, G. (2019). The rule of law and automation of government decision‐making. The Modern Law Review, 82(3), 425-455. The article reveals the concept of the rule of law throughout the country. The requirements of the law apply to all subjects of legal relations equally....
In the modern world, large companies develop rapidly, which opens up opportunities for them to grow even more. However, sometimes corporations use their power and authority to become stronger and earn money by illegal means. Such actions can be considered White Collar Crime, moreover, it can harm many persons. The...
Justice Is the Rule of Law The rule of law itself is an integral part of any democratic society. The concept of the rule of law requires that all officials treat every person with dignity, equality, rationality, and law. Moreover, it maintains that everyone should have the opportunity to appeal...
Abstract This study investigates the use of forensic linguistics tools in police interrogation texts. It identifies the problem of the lack of approaches informed by forensic linguistics used in the process of police interrogation. Two research questions are posed regarding the relative effectiveness of FL-informed approaches compared to usual approaches...
Introduction White-collar crime is an essential modern issue that may lead to irreparable consequences. It includes illegal enrichment or the pursuit of other personal goals by a person using one’s power, authority, or fame. Thus, the individual puts pressure on others or uses financial opportunities to achieve one’s own aims....
Summary Morale is a term used to describe the psychological state of a person or group with regard to their productivity and motivation. Morale can be defined as the emotional climate within a team or organization. Some experts argue that there is a correlation between high crime levels and low...
Introduction Kendra Espinoza and a group of other low-income mothers brought the lawsuit on behalf of their children who attended Stillwater Christian School in Kalispell. The case Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue went to trial on January 22, 2020. Scholars argued that individuals and firms who donate to scholarship...
Introduction In order to protect society from crimes and the negative impact of individuals, the state elects and adopts appropriate laws. However, this area is not completely universal, since in some cases it is difficult to bring to justice. According to the norms, parents should be held responsible for the...
Case: Fernandez v. California, (2014). Facts: The parties to the lawsuit are the petitioner Walter Fernandez and the respondent the State of California. The dispute revolved around the Walter Fernandez’s petition to review the decision of the Trial Court that found him guilty. Fernandez was arrested in the first place because...
Introduction The Headingley Correctional Centre experienced one of the worst inmate unrest in history. On April 25, 1996, a riot occurred after a scuffle between the correctional officers (COs) and some prisoners in the facility’s basement (Williamson, 2017). Despite law enforcement’s efforts to contain the unrest, it lasted for nearly...
A criminal justice plan is an approach to law implementation that involves arresting, arraigning, defending, and sentencing the lawbreakers. Japan has five distinctive courts, summary, district, family, high court, and supreme tribunals. The legal system formulation embarks on law enforcement, promoting integrity to the complainants and guaranteeing public safety. A...
Introduction The topic of gun control has been ingrained in American society and its political debates. In the recent years following the new administration of President Joe Biden, the arguments over gun control have waxed and waned. In the United States of America, gun ownership is controlled by a number...
Abstract Drug trafficking is the global illegal or illicit trade in which individuals cultivate, manufacture, transport, distribute and sell non-medicinal substances subjected to drug prohibited laws. On the other hand, money laundering is the illicit process of converting huge amounts of money earned from illegal or criminal activities such as...
Crimes are unlawful actions that affect everyone in society. These activities are conducted at different levels, and while they are disadvantageous and harmful to individuals and businesses, some people end up benefiting from this practice. Part of the crime beneficiaries are the crime control industry stakeholders. These individuals or business...
Prison as a social institution is an ambiguous phenomenon for society. On the one hand, this is a place for punishment of criminals, which is associated with danger and negativity. On the other hand, it is an element of influencing society in such a way that the guilty citizens get...
History knows so many examples of crimes about humanity and humanity. Every war can already be regarded as an act of anti-humanism, because people, many people, have died in every one of them. However, to understand the reason for such a radical approach toward other nations and countries it is...
Introduction It has long been debated in criminological circles whether or not the law as presently constituted is the result of a society-wide agreement concerning wrongful behavior. Canadian criminology underwent a revolution as foreign influences with regard to the nature and origin of crime permeated academic criminology (Menzies & Chunn,...
Serial killing or serial murder is a term used to refer to the brutal murder of at least two individuals by the same person in separate incidents. However, serial killing is not an ordinary event because it does not resonate with the nature of individuals. Several psychologists and researchers venture...
The advancement of DNA technology has proved significant in solving challenging cases at any given time. News released by The Mount Airy News on April 7, 2022, affirms the power and potency of the new DNA technology. After 30 years, police achieved their first arrest for the murder of Nona...
Introduction Crime has become one of the greatest problems facing humanity in the contemporary generation. Although criminology is historical, its higher rates are observed in modern society compared to the early centuries. Many people associate the increasing crime rates with technological advancements and other forms of progression in modern society....
Incentive institutions are an important type of legal incentive in penitentiary law. Among all types of release from punishment, the most widely used was conditional early release. Clear et al. (2017) note that currently about 77% of convicts are released on parole and remain under correctional supervision. Parole is aimed...
Eyewitness identification is a significant step in prosecuting a criminal. The justice system has relied on eyewitness accounts and descriptions of suspects to convict numerous criminals and keep society safe. However, there is a growing concern about the accuracy of eyewitness identification, as some identification cases result in wrongful prosecution....
Introduction Probation is a treatment that enables criminals to avoid being incarcerated, while parole enables them to get released from prison after serving a given portion of their sentence. The goal of parole and probation is to allow the criminal offenders to rehabilitate as they get back to society hence...
Introduction In a business partnership, two or more people combine their resources to create a business and accept to share profits, losses, and risks. In such a business, parties enter into a contract that with legally binding terms protects their agreement. The legal provisions or clauses accepted by all partners...
The first activity would be to engage in problem recognition in order to ensure that the correct need is addressed. In the case of administering contracts for 12-cell computer batteries, the responsible agent would have to specify if the trigger is an internal or an external need (Adams & Kramer,...
Background Information and Opinions As of Thursday, Johnson & Johnson had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy defense via a company it had fashioned to handle indictments that its talc-based goods were cancerous. In a way that is fair to all stakeholders, the firm stated after filing its Chapter 11 petition...
Introduction The complexity of the business world today means that actors might face numerous issues or challenges during their cooperation. For this reason, business relations are regulated by the fundamental laws that create the framework for successful collaboration and help to resolve all problems that might emerge. These are the...
Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is a US federal law administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission and adopted to protect investors from fraud. Its primary purpose is to improve the reliability of financial reporting and audit quality. SOX requirements relate to internal customer controls for the preparation and review...
Starting Your Business The first step is to form a company name that should not include words that are prohibited by law and should not be borrowed from other titles. Once the name Sky Blue Bed & Breakfast passes all the criteria, it is necessary to appoint a director of...
Introduction Racial and ethnic minorities are often victimized by the groups in power. Social inequality is reflected in all spheres of daily life and is often institutionalized, with prominent social institutions legitimizing and perpetuating unequal treatment of different groups. This tendency is particularly evident in law enforcement, with racial profiling...
With the rising concern for environmental issues and climate change, global consumers are more worried about the packaging industry. In response, new regulations regarding packaging sustainability, encouraging the redundancy of packaging waste, have emerged on a worldwide basis. However, these regulations vary considerably by region, rendering the packaging policies inequitable...
Introduction Gangs have become the way of life in Chicago, causing fear in the city. Chicago has been recognized as one of the most segregated cities in the United States. Due to solid gang culture, murder rates and street violence continue to increase every day in Chicago. Gangs even recruit...
Introduction A significant part of the work of an employee of the authorities is documentation. Thus, it is very important for them to have the necessary writing skills to be able to provide multiple but informative reports on any events. The information should contain the main provisions of the incident...
Introduction The history of the United States describes how its people continue to enjoy the provisions of the Second Amendment to the Constitution. Americans are allowed to purchase and own guns for security and self-defense purposes. The Founding Fathers of the country foresaw a scenario whereby more people would be...
Introduction It is important to note that firearm possession and Georgia’s “campus carry” law are elements of a critical right of every American citizen to bear and keep arms. No law should infringe one’s right to have a firearm at his or her disposal regardless of circumstances and conditions. Therefore,...
Introduction Governments need laws and guidelines that ensure the effective running of the nation through a particular authoritative order. The constitution is the governmental body that provides guiding principles and practices of a country by determining various powers and roles of the government that ensure rights to all citizens. Constitutional...
In the Olmstead v. U.S (1928) case, the defendants, Roy Olmstead and his employees were prosecuted for violating the Prohibition Act. They engaged in illegal smuggling, possessing, transporting, and selling of intoxicating alcohols (“Olmstead v. United States,” n.d.). Upon suspecting the illicit trade, the federal agents installed wiretaps to access...
The empirical study by Plumm et al. (2010) had an objective to identify the extent to which extra-legal characteristics contributed to the jury’s victim-blaming. To meet the objective, the authors conducted two jury simulation studies. In Study One, the jury members were grouped according to their level of homophobia, whereas...
Introduction The subject of gun control is a thoughtful topic of discussion for a long period. Guns give the impression that it has a strange authority over people: passion takes over the mind most of the time. The theme of gun control including the push for severer laws within the...
Introduction The present-day prison status in the U.S. makes one think that America is the most dangerous society in the world. According to Rubin (2021), America has over two million prisoners and an incarceration rate of 698 per 100,000 citizens, the highest in history worldwide. Many ex-convicts in the U.S....
The significant problems of modern forensic science in the United States are of progressively growing public interest. State activities related to detecting and investigating fatal crimes are an essential element of the judicial system. Moreover, if the mechanism described above does not work or produces false conclusions, it may result...
Domestic violence is intentional acts of a physical, psychological, or sexual nature by a family member against another family member, violating their rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests and causing them physical and mental suffering. Domestic violence can affect anyone, whether a child, an adult, an older person, a woman, or...
The effectiveness of corrective policies largely depends on how they are formulated. Therefore, although some concepts seem apparent at first glance, careful assessment is necessary to avoid erroneous interpretations. This is the main problem of applying correctional policies in case of recidivism. Experience has shown that different approaches to assessing...
Abstract A criminal investigation is a complex task for law enforcement agencies that are constantly being improved for the benefit of society. It operates with direct and indirect evidence, yet the latter is often challenging to utilize without sufficient knowledge of the psychology of a criminal (Brandl, 2019). Criminal profiling...
People with mental illnesses are hard to be conscious of their actions, and consequently, they may be engaged in criminality more often. When examining criminal acts, investigators tend to pay attention to the external details of the offense, whereas the internal state of offenders is often considered unimportant. The one...
The couple met first in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Nina was last seen alive on September 3, 2006. The key witnesses were a forensic technician, police, and a traffic officer. A sample of blood matching Nina Reiser’s DNA was found on a bag in Hans Reiser’s car and on a pillar...
Introduction Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer is a widely studied serial killer whose crimes involved unimaginable acts on the deceased bodies, including dismemberment, cannibalism, body parts preservation, and necrophilia. His offenses claimed the lives of around seventeen boys and young men. A detailed analysis of the life of this criminal could shed...
Recently, a series of corporate scandals related to the problem of unequal pay enabled more companies to begin acknowledging such an issue in their organizations. Every year, thousands of women report gender-based discrimination in the workplace, and the majority of these complaints concern a considerable difference in the level of...
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) violation is a widespread problem that clients face in multiple companies. The purpose of FCRA is to provide privacy and fairness and prevent violation of its rights and policies. It is necessary to have a client’s permission to access their private information (Johnston, 2021)....
Introduction I agree with the author that the state’s response has resulted in an overcriminalization of domestic violence cases. In the criminal justice system, an increasing number of jurisdictions have implemented several discretion-less regulations, such as mandatory arrests in domestic abuse situations. It also contains no-drop prosecutions, which force a...
The criminal justice system in the United States tends to express discrimination and disparities toward minority populations. While racial discrimination in the criminal justice system of the United States is frequently discussed in modern society, many people are not familiar with racial disparities in the system. Comparing discrimination against minority...
There are several similarities between contracts and agreements, but there is also significant difference between them. An agreement can be defined as mutual understanding between several parties concerning their rights, obligations, or performance. A contract, in turn, is “a legally binding agreement between two or more parties which, if it...
Memo This document addresses the issue of the Condo sale contract between Jason Momoa and Tom Arnold. A contract happens to be a lawfully binding arrangement involving two entities or individuals to do or refrain from doing something. Contract law is the oldest field of rule that deals with business...
Introduction Punishment for a committed crime is always a complicated question, which is why there is a wide variety of viewpoints regarding the punishment itself. There are two main mutually exclusive perspectives regarding a committed crime. The utilitarian theory of punishment seems more reasonable because it can prevent wrongdoing instead...
The warning letter by FDA has summarized and analyzed several of Prosana’s significant violations. One of the most interesting inspectional observations or violations of CFR21 part 211 is the fact that the company has failed to follow Quality Agreements under 21 CFR part 211.65 regulation. According to FDA’s policies, drug...
The term “deinstitutionalization” refers to a practice of transferring individuals with mental illness institutionalized settings to community-based treatment. In the USA, this process began to be implemented actively in the middle of the 20th century with the introduction of antipsychotic medication. Deinstitutionalization is currently one of the most topical issues...
Introduction Modern conflict resolution in criminal practice is increasingly turning to the use of restorative justice. Such practice helps to balance between justice system’s goals of punishment, rehabilitation, and community safety. According to US national statistics, 32 states adopted legislation confirming the possibility of using restorative justice (Pavelka, 2016). Although...
Summary Crime rates are a critical indicator of the status quo in the nation. Crime rates can vary significantly and be affected by a range of aspects ranging from geography to the economic situation and the demographic makeup, educational levels, and prevalent family structures in the population. Studying crime rates...
Introduction Globalization and civilization moved human society from a barter-trade system to the use of money as means of trade. Consequently, human beings find pleasure in money and would do anything possible to have money and accumulate wealth. Capitalism is an economic system that resulted from the use of money...
Profiling in modern criminal justice is an extremely common technology assisting professionals in better decision making. In particular, artificial intelligence helps the police in preventing crime and reducing the overall number of criminal cases (CBS News [00:30]). However, data-driven criminal justice activities may lead to worse racial discrimination and racial...
Criminological theories are inextricably linked to psychology: they are essential keys to understanding criminal behavior. Psychologically oriented criminological theories seek to explain criminal behavior by exploring links to personality, cognition, and intelligence. Psychodynamic theory, behavioral theory, and cognitive theory are the three main psychologically oriented-criminological theories that clarify the factors...
The technology marks progress, but law enforcement agencies’ slow introduction of innovative gadgets into work is strange since this could improve and facilitate many processes. The article “Introducing 3D printed models as demonstrative evidence at criminal trials” highlights a precedent in which a 3D printed model was used as evidence...
Introduction Cocaine is an addictive drug and occurs naturally in coca plants from South America. The drug poses several risks to a person’s well-being, such as paranoia, anger issues, irritability, nausea, constriction of blood vessels, over-excitement, respiratory complications, and pneumonia. Despite these effects, some people still smuggle small quantities of...
Introduction Victimization is the process of acquiring victimhood, or, in other words, the procedure of turning a person into a victim and its consequences. One of the vivid examples of this kind of “transformation” and victimization, in general, is human trafficking to exploit prostitution and provide private services outside the...
Domestic violence is a complicated issue that has to be resolved on the social, cultural, and legal levels. I agree with Prof. Epstein’s opinion that government intervention might not always be the appropriate strategy to fix the problem. As Epstein (1999, p. 132) puts it, “overcriminalization” places domestic violence on...
Elements of the Offence Aggravated assault is an unlawful act, which implies an individual’s or a group’s intent to inflict harm or cause aggravated injury to another person or several people. The 2022 edition of Martin’s Annual Criminal Code defines aggravated assault as a criminal offense, indicating its elements, defense,...
The United Kingdom follows both common law and civil laws in applying its jurisdiction. The common law system is based on judicial precedent, where key decisions made by the courts are used as precedent in future cases. Common laws can also be created through the legislation process, where bills are...
Facts Gender violence has been a central aspect of the U.S. criminal justice department. In a recent issue, Brenner (2022) records a strong move to strengthen the violence against women act. One key fact of this case is that it is a constitutional right to protect women from gender-based violence....
Introduction An essential task for the criminal justice system is to grant the rights of the appellant and the victim equally. This is achieved by providing the victim with a limited role that contributes to the realization of fair treatment for both the offender and the victim. In capital trials,...
Arrest Essentials of Arrest in English and Welsh Law The sources of criminal procedural law in England and Wales are, first of all, legislative acts, which for the most part, simultaneously regulate the issues of the judiciary. The criminal process is what happens in court. But today, there is a...
Introduction The government created the criminal justice system to punish undesirable conduct in individuals and compensate or reimburse the affected victims by ensuring the perpetrators are exiled from society. It utilizes law enforcement, the courts, and correctional facilities to achieve this goal (Myers). In recent years, there has been increased...
Introduction Charles Manson is among the most notorious criminals in history, most known for his involvement in the horrific killings of Sharon Tate and several other innocent Hollywood citizens. The Tate-LaBianca murders, also known as the Manson Family killings, fundamentally changed America’s concept of its own identity in the wake...
The increase in the overall level of crime, and homicide, in particular, is a severe problem in today’s US society. According to public data, the notable increase began in 2020, when the number of registered cases in the category mentioned above increased by 27 percent (Lopez, 2022, par. 1). Thousands...
Introduction Criminal gang activity is unlawful activities carried out by a continuing organization that forms to commit crimes and knowingly participates in a sequence of criminal gang operations. A good example is the mafia, which is a hierarchically organized group of criminals mostly of Sicilian or Italian ancestry (Acemoğlu et...
Introduction Multiculturalism is a policy that presupposes cultural pluralism and promotes its development. This is due to respect for the rights of the entire population of any country, regardless of ethnic, racial, and religious differences of people. In a multiculturalist society, all citizens of the country have equal rights to...
Introduction The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is a branch of government that is responsible for the management of justice. It comprises institutions that propagate this agenda through the acts of prosecution or/and imprisonment. In the case of the United Kingdom, the CJS is a collective body formed by the police,...
Dancygier et al. (2021) studied the issue of the manifestation of hate crime concerning refugees based on their demographic characteristics. The study’s main objective was to determine the extent to which Male Competition affects the perception of refugees among the male population. The desire to highlight this aspect is that...
