Introduction Court performance is the capacity of courts to fulfill their core functions, such as securing justice and liberty, settling disputes, upholding the rule of law, giving equal protection, and ensuring due process. Measuring court performance is critical to ensuring that courts uphold these fundamental ideals. As such, Ostrom and...
Introduction The quote from Lord Diplock emphasizes the critical significance of a fair and peaceful conflict resolution mechanism in any civilized society. The phrase underlines the importance of providing all citizens access to reasonable and peaceful conflict resolution. It indicates that access to justice is a fundamental right and that...
Introduction Following sections 1(1) of the Theft Act 1968 and the Criminal Attempts Act 1981, Mickey Spence is accused of attempting to steal a motor vehicle. CCTV footage of the crime scene was augmented with thermal facial mapping technology to positively identify Spence as the offender. Jane Bolton and her...
Introduction When a person is convicted of a crime and given a life sentence, they will spend the rest of their lives in jail. While proponents of life sentences point to the ability of life sentences to deter crime and protect the public, critics point out that they are expensive,...
Summary Does Sentencing a Juvenile to Life in Prison Without the Possibility of Parole Constitute Cruel and Unusual Punishment? is an article by Thomas Hickey, published in 2019. This article comprises an overview by editor Hickey, contrasting viewpoints by Supreme Court Justices Kagan and Roberts, and a summarizing section titled...
Introduction When a person commits a crime, the police and the representatives of the criminal justice system take a number of steps to identify and solve a problem in a short period. Incarceration is one of the forms of punishment that is globally applied to punish law offenders, reduce crime...
An Examination of the Impact of Drug Court Clients’ Perceptions of Procedural on Graduation Rates and Recidivism Summary The chance that drug court clients will reduce recidivism is compared to their judgments of procedural justice in this study by Atkin-Plunk and Armstrong (Atkin-Plunk & Armstrong, 2016). The goal of the...
Constructed Aspects of America’s Criminal Justice System Used to Control and Exploit People with Less Power One aspect of the CJ system constructed by a powerful group to exploit and control those with less power is the mandatory minimum sentencing on drug offenses. White leaders have been at the forefront...
Organized crime presents a severe threat to societies by committing a large variety of illegal actions. Their typical crimes include theft, gambling, drug/arms trafficking, sex businesses, and money laundering (Abadinsky, 2012). I believe that the primary reason for choosing these criminal actions is their profitability. Since people committing these crimes...
Summary The diagram of the criminal justice process stages from arrest through final appeal can be seen on Figure 1. Charge The charge should be a description of the nature of the crime, its legal qualification and an indication of a specific person accused of committing this crime. An accusation...
The criminal justice system in the United States is a complex system that combines several levels. The federal level is subdivided into state and local levels, which, in turn, have a different ability to respond to crime. Since the federal level has common goals for all Americans, it establishes rules...
Homicide The facts of the case indicate that Thelma and Louise were in California at the time of the incident involving a man’s killing. The man was a rapist and had identified Thelma as his prey before being shot by Thelma and Louise, who fled the scene and went on...
Introduction The war on illicit drugs in Mexico remains a puzzle that the judicial system has not managed to resolve. The country has witnessed the growth of powerful drug cartels that continue to run their enterprises with relative impunity. Worse still, young children are often involved in various supply chain...
Today I read an article titled “When Kids Are Accused of Sex Crimes,” written by Sarah Stillman and published in the New Yorker magazine in 2016. The article tells the sympathetic story of Leah DeBuc, who ended up on the sex offender list (Stillman, 2016). The reason she was put...
Introduction The protection of prisoner rights in Georgia, USA, is a critical issue for both those incarcerated and their families. In the United States, all people, regardless of their circumstances, are entitled to basic human rights and these rights must be respected and upheld, even when someone is in prison....
The complexities of the criminal justice system are compensated by models and processes for increasing speed and efficiency while maintaining protection of individual rights and delivery of justice. The crime control and due process models were created by Herbert L. Packer, a legal scholar, in order to describe the increasing...
Introduction Driving under the influence of alcohol is a big issue that endangers everyone. Enforcement crackdowns on drunk driving may initially reduce drunk driving rates, but their effect tends to wear off afterward. According to Esser et al. (2020), drunk driving is a severe problem in the United States. In...
Cyberbullying is regarded as using digital devices and online communication to harm or harass others. As a result, there is a significant threat to the well-being of citizens. In addition, cyberbullying negatively influences individuals’ development and can create an inappropriate environment for the State to function normally. There is a...
Attention Step Gun violence is on the increase in the United States. Statistics indicate that 2020 accounted for the highest gun-related injuries ever recorded. Thus, the country must acknowledge gun violence as a public health crisis and ensure communities are kept safe by enacting common-sense gun laws. Gun violence presents...
Introduction While it is a social duty to convict those who break the law, the main aim is to ensure that the crime will not be repeated. Ideally, a felon should be placed in conditions where they will have no other chance but change their mind and behavior and never...
Introduction Criminal offenses are an intricate element of society, with a proclivity of people debating on what qualifies innocence with law-based defenses. This paper describes a case with several criminal offenses, including assault, criminal damage, and murder. Polly’s actions in the pub constitute assault, as she verbally abused Roxanne and...
Case Background A member of the St. Leo Police Department, specifically Officer Speedy, was performing a patrol task in a squad car. A black speeding sports car nearly caused an accident with a police car and attempted to flee. When the violation was detected, there was a clear violation of...
Introduction Currently, victims of crimes play an essential role in criminal justice. Previously, victims were seen only as witnesses in criminal cases, but now they are given more rights and opportunities to participate in the justice process. There are several ways in which victims can be involved in the criminal...
Introduction Restorative justice practices, which emphasize repairing harm and fostering communication between victims and offenders, have long been recognized as a potential alternative or complement to traditional punitive justice systems. The United States experienced a period of increased crime during the 1970s, which led to the implementation of policies focused...
Introduction The police are an essential unit of the administration of the criminal justice system. The reason is that the key roles of police include maintaining law and order, preventing crime, and ensuring the safety of the people, as depicted in Figure 1 below (Zulyadi, 2020). The US police is...
Jails and prisons are two of the core components of the corrections system in the United States. Both are used to house individuals who have committed criminal offenses, but there are distinct differences between the two. Jails are correctional facilities typically operated by local law enforcement and are used to...
The following paper analyzes the Bail Project and Vera Institute and their approaches’ effectiveness and sustainability. The Bail Project is a non-profit institution that reduces the number of people in pretrial detention in the United States of America (Smiley, 2019). The project offers legal defense and post-bail support and aims...
The case of Serial Killer Aileen Wuornos describes the crime of a mentally ill person who, since childhood, was subjected to cruelty by elders, which had a detrimental effect on the psyche. Wuornos was a serial killer and was also caught for vandalism, petty robberies, and other offenses (Crime Investigation,...
In recent years, a number of technological advancements have drastically changed the way criminal justice reports are written. To begin, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in report writing has become increasingly popular. AI programs are able to quickly scan through large amounts of data and identify key elements and...
Stanford vs Kentucky Statement of the Issue When Kevin Stanford raped and murdered Barbra Poore, he was only 17 years old. Miss Poore worked at a petrol station in the area and was assisting with raising a little child. Mr. Stanford was one of three male suspects believed to have...
White-collar crimes are those committed by high-ranking individuals, including executives, elected officials, and business owners. Street offenses, on the other hand, are crimes perpetrated on the streets by people who are typically poor or homeless. The processing of white-collar offenders differs significantly from the processing of ordinary street offenders since...
Introduction In the United States (U.S.), the law prohibits anyone from being victimized based on sex and gender. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) classifies sexual harassment as a crime since it violates Title VII. Fraud has no distinct form but can amount to a criminal act depending on...
The justification and excuse defenses are applied when an action falling under a legal definition of crime was presumably committed under guilt-negating circumstances. While these defenses may seem identical, an important subtle difference creates a distinction. Justification defenses emphasize that an individual’s conduct is appropriate in the situational context (Acker...
Summary The post-conviction DNA Testing Assistance program helps eligible inmates pursue DNA testing to support their claim of innocence. Grant funds from the program help defray the cost associated with DNA testing by providing means for locating and testing biological evidence in the reviewed cases. This initiative is funded by...
Marsy’s Law is a legislative act that ensures that crime victims have equal rights as the accused. In other words, it guarantees that people who have suffered from illegal activity are protected, questioned during the court process, and notified when the criminals are released (Straughan, 2021). It is a generally...
The authorities detained Montresor and put him on trial for the murder of his friend after finding Fortunato’s bones in the family catacombs. Many people were interested in learning the truth about the terrible incident, which attracted much attention to the case. The prosecutor provided the jury with several pieces...
Probation is part of community corrections involving the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community. A penalty imposed on convicted offenders permits them to stay in the community while being monitored by a probation officer rather than being sent to prison (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021). The release is...
Introduction Sexual assault is a serious crime that is often overlooked by the government and officials. It is difficult to tell the prevalence of the rape in the world as a lot of victims are afraid to talk about the issue. According to the systematic review by Fedina et al.,...
A restraining order is a legal document that prohibits an individual from contacting, harassing, or threatening someone. When a person applies for a restraining order against a stalker or an abusive partner, they must reveal their home address to allow the court to enforce the order. While a restraining order...
The initial response of a law enforcement officer to a missing child report is an integral step in an investigation. The reason is that the response enables the officer to piece out information about the missing persons and develop a viable structure for analysis (Boulton et al.,2022). The response allows...
Introduction Few topics are more politically divisive than gun control in an era of wide gaps between Republicans and Democrats. Over the past several years, party differences on some policy options—and even on whether gun violence is a major national problem—have widened. However, a few particular policy initiatives still have...
In the early 2000s, a sequence of planned shootings known as The Beltway Sniper Case occurred in Washington, D.C. Ten people were killed, and several were injured during the three weeks that John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo terrorized the city (FBI, n.d.). Ballistic evidence was eventually helpful since...
The political and criminal justice systems have been debating the legalization of marijuana for both recreational and medical purposes for a long time. It has been demonstrated that making marijuana legal lessens the crime and trafficking that accompany the illegal drug trade, weakening the influence and resources of drug cartels...
Introduction The juvenile justice system is a set of measures to regulate child delinquency and reduce its prevalence. It emerged at the end of the nineteenth century as special courts for children who have committed crimes. The juvenile court assumes that the crime committed by the child is not his...
A significant problem in the criminal justice system is race and social class discrimination, frequently resulting in a miscarriage of justice. For instance, studies have repeatedly demonstrated that victims and offenders of color in the criminal justice system are disproportionately people of color. This overrepresentation results from prejudice, including racial...
Compensation for damage to the victim is one of the central problems in ensuring their rights and legitimate interests violated by the committed crime. Traditionally, the primary method of such compensation described in the article is restitution, that is, filing a civil lawsuit against the person guilty or responsible for...
Introduction Throughout this course, I’ve developed a better knowledge of community supervision, which has led to a shift in my initial opinions. I needed to gain more awareness of the work of probation and parole officers and the issues they encountered in overseeing persons who had been released from prison...
Victim Impact Statements (VISs) are reports prepared by victims of crime to inform a judge or prosecutor about the impact of the crime on their lives. VISs provide a way for victims to have their voices heard in the criminal justice system and have been used since the 1980s to...
Issue Dear Mr. Whalling, I am writing to you about Mr. Carson, who, as you know, was arrested for armed robbery. Since you usually deal with property and maritime law, I have prepared a memorandum for you on the laws relating to crimes against personal property. Facts Larceny, robbery, embezzlement,...
Determinate and indeterminate sentences are divergent types of punishment within the jurisdiction of criminal law, possessing distinct characteristics in terms of incarceration. A determinate sentence entails an explicit period of confinement, quantifiable in units of time such as two years (Easton et al., 2022). In contrasts, an indeterminate sentence does...
Introduction Human memory is a highly complicated process, which might become even controversial in the context of criminal sciences. For instance, the notion that it is possible to manipulate memory, create false experiences, and recover repressed memories can significantly affect the testimony process. Therefore, it is critical to continue the...
Abstract This paper describes the features of the 1998 trial in the United States, which was named People v. Saavedra-Rodriguez. The involvement of third parties in the general process of crime requires serious consideration of laws as well as similar cases in the history of jurisprudence. The essay will deal...
Victimology as a discipline focuses on the aspect of the victim’s influence on the crime’s commission in the form of responsibility, precipitation, and provocation. Thus, victimologists try to detect situations in which, without the participation of the victim, the crime would not have occurred. On the one hand, the victim...
Introduction Understanding how variations in criminal opportunity influence the occurrence of crime events is useful for ensuring these opportunities can be reduced in order to prevent crime. A possible framework for this is the lifestyle-routine activities theory (L-RAT), a criminological theory that focuses on how variations in criminal opportunity affect...
Juvenile justice is a justice system that is applied to young children. It is a whole set of steps that begins at an early stage and ends with a sentence. Disproportionate treatment of colored children occurs during all stages of juvenile justice. The two most important stages of the juvenile...
Introduction The case investigation highlights the debate group an impartial researcher created to determine parents’ and students’ viewpoints on the most current massacres in schools. The represented survey group was set to have 12 residents of the Sand Hills District, lasting for ninety minutes. One guide led the focus group...
Introduction The juvenile criminal justice system is a rehabilitative procedure adopted by corrective agencies to combat delinquencies among young offenders. The system comprises federal and local agencies collaborating with private entities that provide juvenile detention, probation, and correctional services to juveniles. In European, African, and Asian countries, juveniles are children...
Crime victimization is an essential aspect of the law that describes involuntary, personal exposure to criminal acts. People who are victims of violent crimes, including sexual assault, robbery, and simple or aggravated assault, can take legal action in civil courts. In the US, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) report...
The case provides information on the proposed bill to implement mandatory binding arbitration as an alternative to trial in the resolution of legal cases. In this regard, the proposal might be considered non-constitutional due to the violation of individuals’ right to a trial before a jury. The proposing legislator might...
Opioid use is a considerable nationwide problem, and a comprehensive policy is needed to resolve the issue. The process of designing such an intervention approach requires identifying the target population, decision authority, and provisions alongside procedures (Welsh & Harris, 2016). New policy on OU should be oriented toward those harmed...
Introduction The criminal justice system in the country is meant to transform offenders into responsible and law-abiding citizens who can participate in the country’s socioeconomic and political development. Among the main issues of the juvenile justice system in the United States, special attention should be paid to what is included...
The whole criminal justice system is not based solely on arresting offenders and reviewing lawsuits in a court of law. The criminal justice system additionally established initiatives that can be helpful in terms of reducing crime rates and providing assistance to offenders in terms of rehabilitation and adaptation to lives...
Research on restorative justice practices is a research brief by Maryfield et al. (2020) written to familiarize the audience with an alternative option to traditional forms of justice. Inefficiency of punishment-based systems is a recurring theme in judicial research. Restorative justice offers a different approach to managing violations of law,...
Strict liability is a tort and criminal law that does not depend on actual negligence or intent to harm for it to be applied. Legal responsibilities under strict liability are absolute since the plaintiff does not need to prove malicious intent or negligence. In strict liability, the plaintiff must only...
Introduction The tragedy of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America has gone down as one of the worst crimes in history. The massive loss of life and destruction caused by the fall of the Twin Towers came as a shock to all Americans. Immediately after the incident,...
Empirical Articles Shoenberger, N. (2021). Applying routine activity theory: A case study of the Sonya Farak drug scandal. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 118-129. Web. In this empirical research article, the author wanted to learn more about Sonya Farak’s criminal activities associated with his normal duties. As a laboratory...
Different scholars have researched “the castle doctrine,” a legal protection that empowers residents to use lethal force to defend themselves when attacked in their residential area. Official state castle doctrine regulations restrict the use of deadly force. Defendants in self-defense proceedings, like any other area of the law, have the...
Background Martin Frankel was born in the city of Toledo, Ohio, in 1954. He was an intelligent person since his childhood through his studies. Frankel’s sharpness at school motivated his teachers to allow him to skip some grade levels of studies. He got an award scholarship to the University of...
Introduction Criminal justice polies and guidelines since the 1990s have mainly reflected the perceptions general public has about sex offenders. The intensified efforts to punish, control as well as incapacitate particularly those who victimize minors have prompted various studies assessing the situation. However, literature has paid less attention to the...
Introduction Juveniles are individuals in a society who have not attained 18 years. However, the term juvenile is commonly used in relation to the criminal justice system when people below the age of 18 have committed or are suspected of committing an offense. The criminal justice system aims at maintaining...
Introduction At any given time, many children across the US are in need of a home due to various reasons such as inability of parents to provide support, child abuse or neglect and parental disability, sickness or death, imprisonment, drug and substance abuse, and many others. Consequently, foster care has...
Bobbio, A., Arbach, K., & Illescas, S. R. (2020). Juvenile delinquency risk factors: Individual, social, opportunity or all of these together?. International journal of law, crime and justice, 62, 100388. Web. In this study, the authors examine the topic of risk factors that lead to delinquent behavior among juveniles through...
Juvenile delinquency is a reasonably common problem in today’s society. There are many factors, including socio-economic ones, that have a negative impact on criminal tendencies among teenagers. However, any crime has its patterns of existence, internally contradictory, associated with other social phenomena, which they often determine. The main problem with...
Along with many different crimes, there is a separate type that requires some attention from researchers. Illegal actions of this kind include war crimes. It is worth noting that they require special attention from the International Court of Justice and the Tribunal. This is due to the fact that this...
The criminal justice system of New York sparks my attention because of its unique and complex structure and its commitment to ensuring a fair and uniform standard of justice for all. For me, “one standard of justice for all” means that everyone should be considered under the same rules regardless...
The Wokefield Police Department (WPD) in Memphis, TN, encounters many external problems that need effective solutions. One of the concerns brought up by the citizens is the growing number of carjackings, especially among juveniles (James, 2022). At the same time, the organization’s statistics show a decrease in productivity among officers...
Introduction One of the most significant cases in the history of the Canadian Supreme Court is 2022, R. v. Sharma SCC 39 case. The case posed a constitutional challenge to Criminal Code Sections 742.1(c) and 742.1(e)(ii). According to these codes, a conditional sentence order should be paused if an offender...
In most cases, the family is the first institution to which a young child is exposed, and the behavior of one’s parents and caregivers plays a significant role in shaping the child’s personality and behavior patterns. Therefore, a link can be established between the criminal behavior of parents and the...
Introduction Most nations throughout the world are seeing an increase in juvenile criminality. When children are involved in crime, it has a detrimental influence on their education, health, financial restrictions, and an increase in the legal system’s budget. According to Anderberg et al. (2022), young people misuse drugs and alcohol,...
Introduction The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, which allows it to declare acts of Congress and the executive branch unconstitutional. The Supreme Court has made significant decisions in thousands of cases since it was established in 1789, and these rulings have influenced decisions in the United States...
Introduction The broken windows theory focuses on the concept that physical decline in societies, such as abandoned buildings, may contribute to disorder and result in more serious offenses by recommending to criminals that laws are not enforced because the building is old and not taken care of by the community....
Over the years, many people have become victims of smuggling and human trafficking across the globe. Even though most societies have developed and countries have strong measures to curb the practices, illegal activities still thrive in the modern world. Several factors, such as drought, poor governance, immigration restriction, and lack...
The Covid-19 pandemic led to numerous changes in the daily livelihood of people across the globe. These changes included isolation and stay-at-home orders, social distancing measures, and remote working guidelines (Williams et al., 2020; Aquino et al., 2020). These challenges created a potentially stressful and dangerous environment, especially when individuals...
Youth violence in the UK has become a significant problem in recent years, with a rise in knife crime, assaults, and gang-related violence. The issue is of utmost concern as it threatens the safety and well-being of young people and the wider community. To better understand this issue, it is...
Introduction The chosen issue for consideration in milestone two revolves around juvenile crimes and decreased productivity in Wokefield Police Department. Most of the residents within the city of Memphis have been complaining about the high number of carjackings, specifically among young people. Similarly, the external issue within the department relates...
Introduction Many people are currently serving time for a crime they did not commit. This is due to miscarriages of justice, corruption, and other reasons. The bail bondsman’s profession is to reduce the percentage of innocents. Every person needs justice, but only some are willing to pursue it. In criminal...
Part A of Chapter 1 in “Criminal Law and its Processes: Cases and Materials” by Kadish et al. focuses on the fact that the crime rate in the United States is very high, and many of those convicted are black. As in other countries, most prisoners are from dysfunctional families...
The main function of the criminal justice system is to punish those who have done something wrong. As a rule, it is presumed that the lack of knowledge about the nature of a crime does not justify one for committing that crime. However, there are some instances in which criminal...
Introduction Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in Ireland, with usage rates and associated health harms steadily increasing over the past two decades. Regulation of cannabis in Ireland has remained rooted within a prohibitionist policy framework despite a substantially altered political and sociocultural context (Rálaigh and Morton, 2021)....
Summary The search and analysis of relevant and effective methods of gang deterrence in recent decades is an urgent topic for research. The need to find and analyze the effectiveness of various approaches to fighting gang violence is growing, as according to the National Youth Gang Survey, Over the last...
Introduction Welcome to this presentation, which aims to compare and analyze the differences in the criminal justice systems between China and the United States. The purpose of this presentation is to provide a comprehensive overview of the criminal justice systems in both countries, highlighting their similarities and differences. To gather...
Introduction One of the most common methods of misappropriation of things today is shoplifting – a type of theft in which a conflict-free theft of goods in retail stores is committed. Due to the development of a system of modern supermarket stores, where the buyer can independently contact the goods,...
In a small Texas town in 2019, a 17-year-old boy called Tyler was detained and accused of killing a convenience store worker. The incident happened early on a Saturday morning when the store clerk was by himself. Tyler entered the business carrying a firearm and wearing a mask, according to...
Introduction One of the acute problems today is the delinquency of minors and young people. In recent years, crimes committed by juveniles can easily be singled out from high-profile criminal cases. This becomes an even more critical issue for the entire society if considered that the commission of offenses at...
Introduction A long-standing problem, mental health in the criminal justice system, has recently gained attention in the media and public conversation. The number of people with mental health disorders entering the criminal justice system has soared, with mass imprisonment rates at an all-time high. Unfortunately, many prisons and detention centers...
Ideas for Improving a Community’s Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Efforts Today, juvenile delinquency is a persistent problem in society on a worldwide scale. Juvenile criminality is seen to be a result of neglect, a lack of supervision and direction, or just bad parenting (Park, 2019). In fact, being neglected by anybody...
Introduction Drug addiction and violent crime are of grave concern to the people of the United States (U.S.). The problem of drugs contributes to the rise in crime as the addicts can engage in criminal acts, such as robbery and theft, to support the behavior. That is why illicit drugs,...
Introduction Federal and state criminal laws differ primarily in their application to different territories and their relation to various characteristics of offences. Federal laws apply to the entire territory of the United States, and state laws apply only within the borders of the state in which they have been enacted....
Felons, or individuals who have been convicted of a crime, often have their voting rights restricted or taken away entirely once they have served their sentence. This practice is known as felon disenfranchisement, and it affects millions of individuals in the United States. Opponents of felon disenfranchisement argue that it...
Introduction This assignment will test the efficiency of juvenile incarceration and rehabilitation strategies. It is known that recidivism rates after jail time remain high among young delinquents (Tisdale, 2020). The efficiency of juvenile sentencing must take this factor into account and seek ways to improve the outcomes. By considering the...
