Summary The criminal justice system can be exceedingly complicated when attempting to hold perpetrators accountable for their wrongdoings. While addressing persons with convictions, aspects of the justice system that put its dependability in danger sometimes appear to be overlooked. Thus, technical guilt frequently leads to an inference of factual guilt....
Background and Risk Assessment of Maria Diaz In the provided case study, Maria Diaz, a 25-year-old female, committed the identity theft of 14 individuals. Before, she had a forgery charge resulting in nine months’ probation, which was retracted due to technical reasons. According to the community supervision tool, Ms Diaz...
Introduction The need to regulate and ban child pornography is obvious. Still, there is no clear global position on what constitutes child pornography. The attempts to ban this phenomenon face legal and practical barriers (Yar & Steinmetz, 2019). From the point of view of the legal system, child pornography is...
Literature Review on Reintegration The article structure includes a literature review that emphasizes the role of reintegration of ex-offenders into society. The authors used literature examining the importance of a person’s reintegration into everyday life after prison. Various studies were used to highlight that ex-offenders’ employment in society is an...
Introduction Criminal and civil conflicts are separate legal disciplines with goals, proof standards, and defenses. Civil disputes are conflicts between private parties seeking restitution or settlement for monetary or personal injury with the goal of returning the affected party to their previous status. For offenses against society, criminal law focuses...
Arguments For Plea Bargaining Saving Time and Resources Time and resources are saved, which are two of the key justifications in favor of plea bargaining. By resolving cases through plea bargaining, the court system can commit its resources to more critical matters, enhancing the overall efficiency of the judicial system....
Introduction Some sexual abuse cases result in a light punishment or an acquittal for the defendant. Court rulings on such cases have often generated criticism among the public, activists, and other socialist groups, especially if the alleged perpetrator faced no consequences. Individuals may disregard the veracity of the claims or...
Introduction The insanity plea, also known as the mental disorder defense, is a legal defense in which the defendant declares to have been unable to understand the essence and effects of their deeds at the time of the offense due to a mental disorder. In other words, the defendant claims...
Introduction In preventive detention, a form of incarceration, a person is held without having committed a crime to prevent them from committing one in the future. Many people still need to decide whether or not preventive detention is effective at policing crime and protecting civil rights, even though it has...
Introduction The question of whether prisoners should have certain rights while incarcerated is complex and elicits many different opinions. Some people tend to believe that prisoners’ rights should be heavily restricted, as they have violated the law and forfeited their civil rights as a result. However, another segment of the...
Introduction The Second Amendment is one of the ten amendments to the US Constitution that were ratified barely three years after the ratification of the Constitution. Collectively, these amendments were dubbed the Bill of Rights and anchored as fundamental rights accruing to every American citizen. Among other things, the Second Amendment,...
Introduction Access to guns and their possession have become a disputable issue in the US. Throughout the history of the state, the right to self-defense has been fundamental for all citizens. For this reason, firearms became a part of local culture and people’s mentality. However, nowadays, there are numerous claims...
Introduction Exploring the need for giving special law consideration to the family in terms of assault and raping, it is vital to research information and collects statistical data. Since laws vary somewhat between states, it is essential to understand the effect of different features of state laws. Consequently, it will...
Introduction My experience in the criminal justice program has been intriguing, and I have learned a lot about the field. My interest in criminal justice has always been piqued, and this program has exceeded my expectations and kept to its commitment to impart knowledge. My experience in the criminal justice...
Introduction Although there is a separation between the adult criminal and juvenile justice systems, they both pursue the goals of reaching justice, treating individuals fairly, and guaranteeing freedom if no guilt is found. Thus, even though they are different, the systems are interconnected and rather vary in emphasis and not...
Introduction The composition of a jury, particularly regarding race and gender, is a critical aspect of the legal system. In the 1957 film adaptation of “Twelve Angry Men” and its original play, the jury is all-white and all-male, raising questions about the potential for bias in the deliberation process. However,...
Search Warrant A search warrant application is a crucial investigatory tool within the law enforcement sector of the criminal justice system. It authorizes a law enforcement officer to search for a specific person (Neubauer and Fradella, 1). The given tool ensures that this procedure will be legal and that all...
Introduction The R v. M.N.J. case is a historic court case that has received much attention due to its intricacy and the issues it highlights. The discussion around the issue is intricate, touching on both particular legal specifics and broader social and political repercussions. There are problems with the judicial...
Introduction Two categories of violations that deserve special attention are corporate and street crimes. These kinds of offenses are different in many aspects based on facts like mass media coverage and uniform crime reporting, which are often not accurate (“Assignment 2,” 2023; “Criminal behavior,” 2023). As a result, misunderstandings about...
Introduction Last Chance in Texas is a crime explorative book authored by John Hubner. The book provides a vivid illusion of the lives of inmates in the Texas juvenile justice system, focusing on the intense efforts of the state to reduce crime and youth recidivism (Hubner, 2008). Through interviews with...
Introduction Stand-your-ground laws are one of the most controversial and debated regulations in the United States. Stand-your-ground laws grant individuals the right to “hold their ground” and use deadly force for self-defense purposes if they reasonably believe it will prevent great bodily injury or death (Sower et al., 2023, p....
The Adversarial Judicial System in the United Kingdom An adversarial judicial system is a common approach to common law in the United Kingdom. It is characterized by two parties opposed to each other presenting their argument and potential evidence to a judge who acts as a neutral person for a...
Scenario Description While walking to her car at night in a shopping mall parking lot, Lori is confronted by Brian, who brandishes a knife and strikes her. Although she uses self-defense skills to counterattack and flee, Lori falls, sustains a head injury, and later succumbs to her wounds. Brian is...
Introduction The concept of criminal responsibility is a cornerstone of modern law, and it is essential for criminal justice professionals to understand its complexities. Criminal responsibility pertains to the degree to which an offender is legally culpable for their actions – a determination primarily based on intent or men’s rea,...
Introduction It is known that when a defendant admits to committing a crime but claims that their actions were defensible, it might have significant implications for criminal justice professionals, including police officers, defense attorneys, prosecutors, and others. The defendant’s assertion of defensibility can influence each professional’s approach. There are several...
Introduction In order to maintain equity and safeguard victims’ rights and interests, the victim justice system is crucial. Over the past decades, there have been significant changes in the evolution of victim’s rights, resulting in improved quality and effectiveness in working with victims. In this essay, we will examine the...
Introduction One of the most contentious topics in the American legal system today is the justification for police officer’s use of force based on people’s conduct and behavior. This assignment will examine the legal prerequisites for using force, the Bill of Rights constitutional rights to free expression, and the criminal...
Introduction Polygraph tests’ admissibility as credible evidence represents a double-edged sword. On the one hand, polygraphs can accurately detect changes in the subject’s state. On the other hand, the tools are unable to provide a credible justification for those changes. The latter notion is the main reason why a similar...
Case Overview: A Brief Description of the Situation Debbie Flores, a 31-year-old showgirl from Las Vegas, had a difficult and sometimes violent relationship with her ex-boyfriend, Blu Griffith. Before her murder, Debbie had been issued a temporary restraining order after complaints of physical violence and stalking allegations were made against...
The Father of Probation and the Initial Implementation of the Practice The father of probation is the term used to refer to the man who originally introduced the practice of probation. This man was John Augustus, an American philanthropist and social reformer. In 1841, he proposed the idea of probation...
Case Background The case of the Metz Gang is troubling and violent, involving a notorious drug ring operating in the New Orleans metropolitan area during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Glenn Metz and his brother Cordell “Jethro” Metz were the gang’s leaders, and they were involved in extortion, robbery,...
Introduction The general public’s attention is focused on crimes involving violence. These atrocities are always accompanied by publicity because they entail pretty serious consequences. Violent crime in criminal legislation is defined as acts aimed at physically or mentally influencing the victim for their interests or with other motives. This paper...
Is Jerry Guilty of Embezzlement? The case under analysis features Jerry, who works for TikTok. Jerry’s current responsibility involves managing international wire transfers for the company, which suggests that the extent of his responsibilities and the risk that his failure to meet the company standards entails are quite high. Presently,...
Introduction It is important to note that the United States legal system is complex and structured to ensure that it is fair, effective, and efficient. The given analysis will define and explain American courts’ critical components and processes. In addition, it will comprehensively address who defense attorneys and juries are...
Introduction Court performance is the capacity of courts to fulfill their core functions, such as securing justice and liberty, settling disputes, upholding the rule of law, giving equal protection, and ensuring due process. Measuring court performance is critical to ensuring that courts uphold these fundamental ideals. As such, Ostrom and...
Introduction The quote from Lord Diplock emphasizes the critical significance of a fair and peaceful conflict resolution mechanism in any civilized society. The phrase underlines the importance of providing all citizens access to reasonable and peaceful conflict resolution. It indicates that access to justice is a fundamental right and that...
Introduction Following sections 1(1) of the Theft Act 1968 and the Criminal Attempts Act 1981, Mickey Spence is accused of attempting to steal a motor vehicle. CCTV footage of the crime scene was augmented with thermal facial mapping technology to positively identify Spence as the offender. Jane Bolton and her...
Introduction When a person is convicted of a crime and given a life sentence, they will spend the rest of their lives in jail. While proponents of life sentences point to the ability of life sentences to deter crime and protect the public, critics point out that they are expensive,...
Summary Does Sentencing a Juvenile to Life in Prison Without the Possibility of Parole Constitute Cruel and Unusual Punishment? is an article by Thomas Hickey, published in 2019. This article comprises an overview by editor Hickey, contrasting viewpoints by Supreme Court Justices Kagan and Roberts, and a summarizing section titled...
Introduction When a person commits a crime, the police and the representatives of the criminal justice system take a number of steps to identify and solve a problem in a short period. Incarceration is one of the forms of punishment that is globally applied to punish law offenders, reduce crime...
An Examination of the Impact of Drug Court Clients’ Perceptions of Procedural on Graduation Rates and Recidivism Summary The chance that drug court clients will reduce recidivism is compared to their judgments of procedural justice in this study by Atkin-Plunk and Armstrong (Atkin-Plunk & Armstrong, 2016). The goal of the...
Constructed Aspects of America’s Criminal Justice System Used to Control and Exploit People with Less Power One aspect of the CJ system constructed by a powerful group to exploit and control those with less power is the mandatory minimum sentencing on drug offenses. White leaders have been at the forefront...
Organized crime presents a severe threat to societies by committing a large variety of illegal actions. Their typical crimes include theft, gambling, drug/arms trafficking, sex businesses, and money laundering (Abadinsky, 2012). I believe that the primary reason for choosing these criminal actions is their profitability. Since people committing these crimes...
Summary The diagram of the criminal justice process stages from arrest through final appeal can be seen on Figure 1. Charge The charge should be a description of the nature of the crime, its legal qualification and an indication of a specific person accused of committing this crime. An accusation...
The criminal justice system in the United States is a complex system that combines several levels. The federal level is subdivided into state and local levels, which, in turn, have a different ability to respond to crime. Since the federal level has common goals for all Americans, it establishes rules...
Homicide The facts of the case indicate that Thelma and Louise were in California at the time of the incident involving a man’s killing. The man was a rapist and had identified Thelma as his prey before being shot by Thelma and Louise, who fled the scene and went on...
Introduction The war on illicit drugs in Mexico remains a puzzle that the judicial system has not managed to resolve. The country has witnessed the growth of powerful drug cartels that continue to run their enterprises with relative impunity. Worse still, young children are often involved in various supply chain...
Today I read an article titled “When Kids Are Accused of Sex Crimes,” written by Sarah Stillman and published in the New Yorker magazine in 2016. The article tells the sympathetic story of Leah DeBuc, who ended up on the sex offender list (Stillman, 2016). The reason she was put...
Introduction The protection of prisoner rights in Georgia, USA, is a critical issue for both those incarcerated and their families. In the United States, all people, regardless of their circumstances, are entitled to basic human rights and these rights must be respected and upheld, even when someone is in prison....
The complexities of the criminal justice system are compensated by models and processes for increasing speed and efficiency while maintaining protection of individual rights and delivery of justice. The crime control and due process models were created by Herbert L. Packer, a legal scholar, in order to describe the increasing...
Introduction Driving under the influence of alcohol is a big issue that endangers everyone. Enforcement crackdowns on drunk driving may initially reduce drunk driving rates, but their effect tends to wear off afterward. According to Esser et al. (2020), drunk driving is a severe problem in the United States. In...
Cyberbullying is regarded as using digital devices and online communication to harm or harass others. As a result, there is a significant threat to the well-being of citizens. In addition, cyberbullying negatively influences individuals’ development and can create an inappropriate environment for the State to function normally. There is a...
Attention Step Gun violence is on the increase in the United States. Statistics indicate that 2020 accounted for the highest gun-related injuries ever recorded. Thus, the country must acknowledge gun violence as a public health crisis and ensure communities are kept safe by enacting common-sense gun laws. Gun violence presents...
Introduction While it is a social duty to convict those who break the law, the main aim is to ensure that the crime will not be repeated. Ideally, a felon should be placed in conditions where they will have no other chance but change their mind and behavior and never...
Introduction Criminal offenses are an intricate element of society, with a proclivity of people debating on what qualifies innocence with law-based defenses. This paper describes a case with several criminal offenses, including assault, criminal damage, and murder. Polly’s actions in the pub constitute assault, as she verbally abused Roxanne and...
Case Background A member of the St. Leo Police Department, specifically Officer Speedy, was performing a patrol task in a squad car. A black speeding sports car nearly caused an accident with a police car and attempted to flee. When the violation was detected, there was a clear violation of...
Introduction Currently, victims of crimes play an essential role in criminal justice. Previously, victims were seen only as witnesses in criminal cases, but now they are given more rights and opportunities to participate in the justice process. There are several ways in which victims can be involved in the criminal...
Introduction Restorative justice practices, which emphasize repairing harm and fostering communication between victims and offenders, have long been recognized as a potential alternative or complement to traditional punitive justice systems. The United States experienced a period of increased crime during the 1970s, which led to the implementation of policies focused...
Introduction The police are an essential unit of the administration of the criminal justice system. The reason is that the key roles of police include maintaining law and order, preventing crime, and ensuring the safety of the people, as depicted in Figure 1 below (Zulyadi, 2020). The US police is...
Jails and prisons are two of the core components of the corrections system in the United States. Both are used to house individuals who have committed criminal offenses, but there are distinct differences between the two. Jails are correctional facilities typically operated by local law enforcement and are used to...
The following paper analyzes the Bail Project and Vera Institute and their approaches’ effectiveness and sustainability. The Bail Project is a non-profit institution that reduces the number of people in pretrial detention in the United States of America (Smiley, 2019). The project offers legal defense and post-bail support and aims...
The case of Serial Killer Aileen Wuornos describes the crime of a mentally ill person who, since childhood, was subjected to cruelty by elders, which had a detrimental effect on the psyche. Wuornos was a serial killer and was also caught for vandalism, petty robberies, and other offenses (Crime Investigation,...
In recent years, a number of technological advancements have drastically changed the way criminal justice reports are written. To begin, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in report writing has become increasingly popular. AI programs are able to quickly scan through large amounts of data and identify key elements and...
Stanford vs Kentucky Statement of the Issue When Kevin Stanford raped and murdered Barbra Poore, he was only 17 years old. Miss Poore worked at a petrol station in the area and was assisting with raising a little child. Mr. Stanford was one of three male suspects believed to have...
White-collar crimes are those committed by high-ranking individuals, including executives, elected officials, and business owners. Street offenses, on the other hand, are crimes perpetrated on the streets by people who are typically poor or homeless. The processing of white-collar offenders differs significantly from the processing of ordinary street offenders since...
Introduction In the United States (U.S.), the law prohibits anyone from being victimized based on sex and gender. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) classifies sexual harassment as a crime since it violates Title VII. Fraud has no distinct form but can amount to a criminal act depending on...
The justification and excuse defenses are applied when an action falling under a legal definition of crime was presumably committed under guilt-negating circumstances. While these defenses may seem identical, an important subtle difference creates a distinction. Justification defenses emphasize that an individual’s conduct is appropriate in the situational context (Acker...
Summary The post-conviction DNA Testing Assistance program helps eligible inmates pursue DNA testing to support their claim of innocence. Grant funds from the program help defray the cost associated with DNA testing by providing means for locating and testing biological evidence in the reviewed cases. This initiative is funded by...
Marsy’s Law is a legislative act that ensures that crime victims have equal rights as the accused. In other words, it guarantees that people who have suffered from illegal activity are protected, questioned during the court process, and notified when the criminals are released (Straughan, 2021). It is a generally...
The authorities detained Montresor and put him on trial for the murder of his friend after finding Fortunato’s bones in the family catacombs. Many people were interested in learning the truth about the terrible incident, which attracted much attention to the case. The prosecutor provided the jury with several pieces...
Probation is part of community corrections involving the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community. A penalty imposed on convicted offenders permits them to stay in the community while being monitored by a probation officer rather than being sent to prison (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2021). The release is...
Introduction Sexual assault is a serious crime that is often overlooked by the government and officials. It is difficult to tell the prevalence of the rape in the world as a lot of victims are afraid to talk about the issue. According to the systematic review by Fedina et al.,...
A restraining order is a legal document that prohibits an individual from contacting, harassing, or threatening someone. When a person applies for a restraining order against a stalker or an abusive partner, they must reveal their home address to allow the court to enforce the order. While a restraining order...
The initial response of a law enforcement officer to a missing child report is an integral step in an investigation. The reason is that the response enables the officer to piece out information about the missing persons and develop a viable structure for analysis (Boulton et al.,2022). The response allows...
Introduction Few topics are more politically divisive than gun control in an era of wide gaps between Republicans and Democrats. Over the past several years, party differences on some policy options—and even on whether gun violence is a major national problem—have widened. However, a few particular policy initiatives still have...
In the early 2000s, a sequence of planned shootings known as The Beltway Sniper Case occurred in Washington, D.C. Ten people were killed, and several were injured during the three weeks that John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo terrorized the city (FBI, n.d.). Ballistic evidence was eventually helpful since...
The political and criminal justice systems have been debating the legalization of marijuana for both recreational and medical purposes for a long time. It has been demonstrated that making marijuana legal lessens the crime and trafficking that accompany the illegal drug trade, weakening the influence and resources of drug cartels...
Introduction The juvenile justice system is a set of measures to regulate child delinquency and reduce its prevalence. It emerged at the end of the nineteenth century as special courts for children who have committed crimes. The juvenile court assumes that the crime committed by the child is not his...
A significant problem in the criminal justice system is race and social class discrimination, frequently resulting in a miscarriage of justice. For instance, studies have repeatedly demonstrated that victims and offenders of color in the criminal justice system are disproportionately people of color. This overrepresentation results from prejudice, including racial...
Compensation for damage to the victim is one of the central problems in ensuring their rights and legitimate interests violated by the committed crime. Traditionally, the primary method of such compensation described in the article is restitution, that is, filing a civil lawsuit against the person guilty or responsible for...
Introduction Throughout this course, I’ve developed a better knowledge of community supervision, which has led to a shift in my initial opinions. I needed to gain more awareness of the work of probation and parole officers and the issues they encountered in overseeing persons who had been released from prison...
Victim Impact Statements (VISs) are reports prepared by victims of crime to inform a judge or prosecutor about the impact of the crime on their lives. VISs provide a way for victims to have their voices heard in the criminal justice system and have been used since the 1980s to...
Issue Dear Mr. Whalling, I am writing to you about Mr. Carson, who, as you know, was arrested for armed robbery. Since you usually deal with property and maritime law, I have prepared a memorandum for you on the laws relating to crimes against personal property. Facts Larceny, robbery, embezzlement,...
Determinate and indeterminate sentences are divergent types of punishment within the jurisdiction of criminal law, possessing distinct characteristics in terms of incarceration. A determinate sentence entails an explicit period of confinement, quantifiable in units of time such as two years (Easton et al., 2022). In contrasts, an indeterminate sentence does...
Introduction Human memory is a highly complicated process, which might become even controversial in the context of criminal sciences. For instance, the notion that it is possible to manipulate memory, create false experiences, and recover repressed memories can significantly affect the testimony process. Therefore, it is critical to continue the...
Abstract This paper describes the features of the 1998 trial in the United States, which was named People v. Saavedra-Rodriguez. The involvement of third parties in the general process of crime requires serious consideration of laws as well as similar cases in the history of jurisprudence. The essay will deal...
Victimology as a discipline focuses on the aspect of the victim’s influence on the crime’s commission in the form of responsibility, precipitation, and provocation. Thus, victimologists try to detect situations in which, without the participation of the victim, the crime would not have occurred. On the one hand, the victim...
Introduction Understanding how variations in criminal opportunity influence the occurrence of crime events is useful for ensuring these opportunities can be reduced in order to prevent crime. A possible framework for this is the lifestyle-routine activities theory (L-RAT), a criminological theory that focuses on how variations in criminal opportunity affect...
Juvenile justice is a justice system that is applied to young children. It is a whole set of steps that begins at an early stage and ends with a sentence. Disproportionate treatment of colored children occurs during all stages of juvenile justice. The two most important stages of the juvenile...
Introduction The case investigation highlights the debate group an impartial researcher created to determine parents’ and students’ viewpoints on the most current massacres in schools. The represented survey group was set to have 12 residents of the Sand Hills District, lasting for ninety minutes. One guide led the focus group...
Introduction The juvenile criminal justice system is a rehabilitative procedure adopted by corrective agencies to combat delinquencies among young offenders. The system comprises federal and local agencies collaborating with private entities that provide juvenile detention, probation, and correctional services to juveniles. In European, African, and Asian countries, juveniles are children...
Crime victimization is an essential aspect of the law that describes involuntary, personal exposure to criminal acts. People who are victims of violent crimes, including sexual assault, robbery, and simple or aggravated assault, can take legal action in civil courts. In the US, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) report...
The case provides information on the proposed bill to implement mandatory binding arbitration as an alternative to trial in the resolution of legal cases. In this regard, the proposal might be considered non-constitutional due to the violation of individuals’ right to a trial before a jury. The proposing legislator might...
Opioid use is a considerable nationwide problem, and a comprehensive policy is needed to resolve the issue. The process of designing such an intervention approach requires identifying the target population, decision authority, and provisions alongside procedures (Welsh & Harris, 2016). New policy on OU should be oriented toward those harmed...
Introduction The criminal justice system in the country is meant to transform offenders into responsible and law-abiding citizens who can participate in the country’s socioeconomic and political development. Among the main issues of the juvenile justice system in the United States, special attention should be paid to what is included...
The whole criminal justice system is not based solely on arresting offenders and reviewing lawsuits in a court of law. The criminal justice system additionally established initiatives that can be helpful in terms of reducing crime rates and providing assistance to offenders in terms of rehabilitation and adaptation to lives...
Research on restorative justice practices is a research brief by Maryfield et al. (2020) written to familiarize the audience with an alternative option to traditional forms of justice. Inefficiency of punishment-based systems is a recurring theme in judicial research. Restorative justice offers a different approach to managing violations of law,...
Strict liability is a tort and criminal law that does not depend on actual negligence or intent to harm for it to be applied. Legal responsibilities under strict liability are absolute since the plaintiff does not need to prove malicious intent or negligence. In strict liability, the plaintiff must only...
Introduction The tragedy of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America has gone down as one of the worst crimes in history. The massive loss of life and destruction caused by the fall of the Twin Towers came as a shock to all Americans. Immediately after the incident,...
Empirical Articles Shoenberger, N. (2021). Applying routine activity theory: A case study of the Sonya Farak drug scandal. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 118-129. Web. In this empirical research article, the author wanted to learn more about Sonya Farak’s criminal activities associated with his normal duties. As a laboratory...
