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Introduction It is important to note that the current systems of justice are built on the framework of retributive justice. Restorative justice is an alternative to the latter, which is based on the principles of harm repair rather than punishment. The concepts behind the methodological notion have practical examples, such...
Analyzing the Problem Domestic violence is physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence occurring within the family between former or current spouses or partners. People use this pattern of behavior to control or dominate another with whom they have had an intimate or family relationship. Domestic violence is dangerous because it...
Introduction One of the primary goals of the police is to protect citizens by promoting safety and trust. Cooperation between society and police service representatives is a core item in human interactions and development. However, today, controversies continue to grow and affect public support and perceptions of the Metropolitan Police...
Introduction Morality and ethical practices create an avenue for developing sustainable behavior in the world’s economy. Laws govern rules that dictate right and wrong approaches to specific matters within society. Failure to adhere to the regulations results in penalties in fines, jailing, and many more. Laws are essential for the...
Repeat offenders continue to commit offenses after serving their sentence for a prior offense. Three-strikes legislation is a statute that mandates a lengthy jail sentence for a defendant found guilty of a specific third-time crime, typically a significant criminal (Worrall, 2008). The conditions for applying the law vary from state...
The stigmatization of prisoners by society has always been a pressing problem for the American system. The significant nature of the personality of the judicial officer, the existence of effective programs for the readaptation of feelings, the difficult economic situation after the seizure, and the stigmatization of people with a...
The federal judiciary is a branch of the federal government created under the U.S constitution and federal government laws. The primary role of the judiciary is to interpret the law, resolve disputes, and provide justice to citizens. The judiciary evaluates the constitutionality of federal statutes and settles other legal disputes...
An essential purpose of Title VII was to protect workers from retribution for complaining about workplace discrimination and ostracism. Cases reporting similar infractions have been expected, but one stood out (Griffin & Van Oort, 2013). The paper looks at the case of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center vs....
An undercover agent and several officers stormed a Mincey’s residence in Mincey v. Arizona case. The undercover policeman was shot, and Mincey was injured. In the afternoon of the same day as the attack, another murder investigator went to Mincey’s hospital (Justia Law, n.d.). After Miranda warnings, the investigator continued...
Introduction and Rationale Youth crime or juvenile offense is one of the significant problems of the criminal justice system. Unlawful behavior of minors has had a high prevalence and obtained particular attention from researchers and academics involved in investigating the causes, manifestations, and possible solutions to youth crime (Densley et...
Knowledge of all the stages that go into the trial process is of critical importance for understanding what is included in this decision-making and sentencing procedure. Hence, there are three main stages, pretrial, trial, and disposition, between which intermediate stages may occur. In the American criminal justice system, pretrial has...
The simple pretest-posttest research design is based on observing a single treatment group before and after the intervention. Simplicity in use can be considered the only strength of this research design (Welsh & Harris, 2015). The lack of comparison to the control group does not allow drawing a reliable conclusion...
Since ancient times punishment has been used to prevent unwanted and especially criminal behavior. Punishment in jurisprudence, theology, and philosophy has been viewed as a means by which a human’s behavior can be changed. However, this method of changing people’s behavior has long been criticized. Policies against sexual offenders are...
Introduction When the needs of the child are satisfied a base for proper development and growth are met. This need includes security and a loving environment which are provided by the parents for the child’s stability and development. Unfortunately, some parents cannot, or lack the skills to care for their...
The article is dedicated to a dispute concerning the legality of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 and lower court decisions that subsequently declared it unconstitutional. According to the Act, a considerable number of Native American children were placed in non-Native American families through foster placement or adoption (Reuters,...
Valid and warranted are synonyms for justifiable under law or another principle. Inductive arguments can make use of the concept of validity because it denotes that something is justified by a rule or principle. The word warranted is used to convey assurance of something in deductive arguments. Conditional assertions, which...
A healthcare compliance program is recognized to entail a continuous process that adheres to legal, professional, and ethical standards that are applicable to healthcare providers and organizations. Every type of healthcare provider and organization is affected by healthcare compliance. Healthcare organizations should establish procedures, processes, and policies as a part...
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is an equal employment opportunity law passed in 1990 so that disability would not be used as a reason for discrimination in employment. However, ensuring the proper application of the ADA in various organizations across the country has proved challenging, as evidenced by the considerable...
Introduction Terrorism is one of the topical issues which countries face worldwide, and devise different strategies to counter it. Nevertheless, every year several terrorist attacks still take place even though governments allocate billions of dollars to various security measures. In the modern world, terrorist threats can be posed by both...
Introduction Marijuana is a substance whose use has been banned in many countries worldwide, the United States being among them. This action has failed to consider the benefits of the drug to the human population. Apart from its healing capabilities, producing and selling marijuana can create new job opportunities, which...
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) passage is one of the most remarkable events of Barack Obama’s presidency. The regulation changed how Americans select and use their health insurance. PPACA also helped the impoverished get access to basic healthcare services. The bill enforced Medicaid providence, and today most...
The Legal Concepts of “Reasonable Suspicion” and “Probable Cause” Under criminal law, reasonable suspicion is defined as a lower level or standard of suspicion. This is determined by the fact that the police have a much smaller range of legal possibilities in this case. This is due to the lack...
Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso considered an atavistic form as the justification for criminal behavior. The criminal man theory, developed by Lombroso, proposed the use of phenotypes to recognize criminals. Among the observable visible traits when identifying criminals are hawk-shaped noses, dark eyes, dark hair, and a slanting forehead (Miller, 2009)....
Summary The article by Petrosino, Turpin-Petrosino, and Buehler (2003) explores the implementation of the Scared Straight and other programs involving organized visits to prisons by juvenile delinquents to prevent them from committing a crime in the future. The advocates of the program and other researchers think that making at-risk children...
Introduction Women’s reproductive health issues are relevant because of the adoption of legislation that restricts women’s rights. In June 2022, in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. Constitution does not provide a right to abortion (Burell & Ruxton, 2022). It means that...
Introduction The Affordable Care Act (ACA), known as Obamacare, was signed into law in the United States in 2010 to provide better health insurance coverage for Americans and reduce the overall cost of health care (Courtemanche et al., 2018). The reform required all Americans to buy health insurance and, in...
Wagner Act was adopted in 1935 and was one of the most important labor acts that were passed during the 20th century. The Act was the product of the effort of Senator Robert F. Wagner, who believed that lower-income groups should be provided with economic security and safety (FDR and...
Introduction Accepting gratuities has often been termed a prominent act that creates a conducive environment that nurtures corruption in public officers. However, proponents of gratuities have cited the motivation of police officers as the main reason for offering gratuities. Handouts are believed to improve the relationship between law enforcers and...
During an investigation, law enforcement agents in investigative positions commonly encounter ethical difficulties. Investigators with a large caseload are required to prioritize which cases they would analyze above others. Officers frequently depend on the case’s solvability to focus their efforts, which implies that crimes that are significantly more complex to...
Title VII is a specific section of the 1964 Civil Rights Act that addresses inequities in relation to the workplace. “Amended by the 1972 Equal Employment Opportunity Act,” it prohibits employees’ discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, religion, national origin, and pregnancy, identifying this practice as illegal (Dessler,...
Business does not exist separately from the state legislation because any company that wants to succeed cannot ignore the country’s laws. Hence, lawyers and business people should collaborate to ensure a positive customer experience, the non-violation of employees’ rights, and a firm’s prosperity. This essay aims to describe and analyze...
The 9/11 attacks were the greatest terror Americans had watched and remain to be today. They were coordinated suicide attacks by Al-Qaeda, leaving nearly 3000 dead in New York City, Shanksville, Washington, and Pennsylvania. The enduring power of the attacks remains even today, with those who were alive then recalling...
Introduction I chose to write about the position of a youth case manager since my knowledge can be efficiently applied for the betterment of people’s lives through this job. A case manager must help young criminals to reintegrate into society by connecting them with necessary services, such as family counselors,...
In the US Juvenile Justice System (JJS), the issues of false confessions arise as controversial and problematic due to minors’ false confessions compared to adults’. Multiple research studies and policy-making considerations have been introduced to address the drawbacks in the contemporary JJS that commonly fails to recognize age-specific particularities of...
Introduction The case of the Blue Shield Blue Cross Association trial evolved the issue related to the violation of the antitrust laws. The central claim associated with the organizational attempts to control the competition and establish the particular settlement in varied regions of the US. The company and its units...
The Westminster Model is the term used to characterize the British constitutional system. This model makes the claim that it accurately captures the constitution and functioning of the UK government. The key feature of the model is a separation of powers which refers to the division of duties and authority...
Introduction Current regulations are out of date, have numerous levels of control, and are inconsistent, necessitating public health law reform. Significant health threats and difficulties may require new legal systems, and governments may lack the authority to perform their public health obligations successfully. Moreover, existing legislation may not adequately balance...
For several decades, the criminal justice system (CJS) has been shaped by economic bias. The crimes involving the wealthy are either treated lightly or ignored. On the other hand, the common street crimes committed by the poor result in arrest, charges, conviction, and sentencing. More often than not, African-Americans are...
Introduction Avocado production in Mexico is primarily export-oriented and produces significant profits for the region. However, due to these profits, it is an area of an industry heavily tangled with organized crime activities that promote the unequal distribution of accumulated wealth. Avocado production expansion and gang violence associated with it...
Introduction Solitary confinement is the most severe disciplinary punishment in prison. It further restricts the already very limited rights of persons deprived of their liberty. Therefore, the procedure and conditions for the application of a penalty, including the violation for which it can be imposed, must be clearly spelled out...
Introduction Within the last few decades, the punitive aspect of prison has been deemphasized in favor of its rehabilitative potential in public discourse. Consequently, the practice of solitary confinement has become a subject of controversy. Approximately five percent of incarcerated populations in the U.S. are in confinement at any given...
The 1999 Columbine school shooting Public mass shootings in the US have significantly increased in number over the last few decades as the motives of school shooters become deadlier. The 1999 Columbine school shooting is considered one of the first crimes of the category with a direct motive to cause...
Introduction Domestic violence is still a common problem in modern society. It involves abuse of children, intimate partners, older adults and affects about ten million people in the United States every year (Huecker et al., 2022). Abuse can include economic, psychological, emotional, and physical, including sexual treatment. Violence is often...
Background The United States government and the state of Texas have been grappling with the issue of school violence and school shootings for many years. The Uvalde shooting was one of the deadliest school shootings in American history and prompted a national debate on gun control and school safety. In...
Introduction Law Code of Hammurabi is a set of 282 rules proclaimed by the king of Babylon, Hammurabi. It was originally carved into a solid piece of diorite that weighed four tons. The need for establishing official rules came from the expansion of the city-state, which was Babylon. It regulated...
Summary Terry v. Ohio case represents the public order model of criminal justice. It is conditioned by the fact that the policeman took control of the situation and used his power to investigate the case. The court ruled that the police officer’s actions were reasonable for his own protection; however,...
Adolescence refers to the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. The country’s legal framework should consider the psychological and social problems of such minors when adopting legislation on crimes committed by them. This fact means that when sentencing adults in court, the state of their mental development should be...
Introduction The safety and security of the United States and its citizens were put into question after the events of 9/11. This event has caused a tremendous response from society, leading to the creation of The Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The DHS had to construct and continuously maintain a...
Paying for nursing services under the Medicare Act has gone through many changes from the 1960s to the 2020s. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 was an interesting milestone in the history of medical coverage of services provided by non-physicians. Interestingly, since 1997 nurses can independently make billing immediately after...
If a patient is hurt directly due to mistakes made during treatment, a medical practitioner may be held accountable for medical malpractice and be susceptible to legal action. Individuals who experience these injuries as a direct result of medical negligence can hold the practitioners liable for such injuries under the...
Gun control is a controversial issue that raises emotions and strong arguments between the two opposing sides. Over the last two decades, the United States government has implemented several gun control measures to reduce annual gun-related deaths. Despite the implementation of gun control measures such as access prevention for children,...
Introduction The presented case involves two companies, Cookie Heaven and Universal Studios, which faced the challenge of negotiating contract terms, leading to their misinterpretation by one of the parties. The defendant in this case, Universal Studios, stands here falsely accused of violating the agreement with Cookie Heaven, which is a...
Information Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension, and it can come from any event or thought that makes a person feel frustrated, angry, or nervous. Stress is the reaction the body makes to a challenge or demand. Work-related stress is the response individuals may have when faced...
Introduction The item that was chosen for the analysis is an article “A dark day for human rights: Roe vs Wade overturned” written by Sophie King-Hill as a guest blogger for the College of Social Sciences in Birmingham. The main argument of it is that the restriction of the right...
The police department has a set of rules that explain the responsibilities of each employee and how that duty is to be carried out. The use of excessive force, the conduct of police operations, and the wearing of police uniforms within police stations are all restricted by particular standards. When...
Introduction Police professionalization is a contentious and ongoing process, with disagreements over what police work should involve from the top down. Police officers work in a hazardous environment, making quick judgments that occasionally have life-or-death consequences. Although it is often a community that is hostile to its activities, its objective...
Problem A police officer has the right to use physical force, special means and firearms. However, the public often interprets the use of force in two ways. In this regard, this article reveals the influence of police storytelling as evidence of the use of force as a necessary defense. Despite...
Introduction It seems reasonable to claim that nowadays, individuals are interrelated to a great extent due to the solid bound that results from the essence of social relations. Humans live in societies that benefit them through various perspectives – starting from the economic and ending with the institutional one. However,...
The Issue and the position One of the main problems in paralegal research is the discrepancy between the duties of paralegals and their contribution to their assessment. There are many complex ethical issues and considerations in the work of a paralegal. Paralegals face a wide range of ethical dilemmas in...
Introduction Community-oriented policing services (COPS) using appropriate performance measurements have enhanced problem-solving strategies. Police management becomes flexible, allowing quick organization and responding appropriately to each emerging crime pattern instead of the traditional routine approach. Besides, measurement brings in a skillful perspective that makes police apply the best intervention toolkit in...
Introduction Few topics provoke as much debate as the question of drug legality. On the one hand, there is a social and scientific consensus that substance abuse is extremely harmful. It leads to the deterioration of health and proliferation of immoral and unlawful behavior. On the other hand, the way...
Abstract The research analysis focuses on reviewing the recent and credible literature on the topics of illegal prostitution, illegal drug use, and money laundering. The detailed assessment of these issues is analyzed under the framework of criminology and criminal justice with an emphasis on causes, policies, prevention, and solutions. When...
Definition of the Term Sullivan et al. (2018) note that trauma-informed care includes five aspects. Among these, the authors highlight “understanding trauma and its consequences, addressing safety issues, using a culture-informed approach, helping to highlight the nature and consequences of abuse on the daily experience of survivors, and enabling clients...
Introduction Every year the number of people who die in shootings increases: in 2019, this figure almost reached 9 thousand people (Whitehead et al., 2018). The importance of the topic is due to the fact that public safety is threatened by the absence of proper gun control: it stimulates the...
The issue of gun violence has a negative impact on people’s health, well-being, and advancement, and this trauma perpetuates underlying health and socioeconomic disparities, resulting in substantial difficulties for people and their daily life. Hence, the particular topic was selected due to its relevance and an essence that can be...
Ban the Box is the campaign by some social advocates aimed at removing the question of former convictions from employment applications. Since there is often no distinction between the different convictions, whether they were petty crimes or something as extreme as murder, and regardless of when the applicant was released....
In one respect, rehabilitation programs have to be universal to demonstrate maximal effectiveness, as their main purpose lies in assisting all types of criminals in social reintegration. Universality, in this context, means the possibility to classify a particular offender and then identify the techniques and approaches that are the most...
Introduction There are about 450,000 Aboriginal people in Australia, and they often maintain a traditional way of life as hunters and gatherers. There are huge challenges for Indigenous people – employment problems, housing issues, difficulties with alcohol, and criminal challenges, but still; the Aboriginal population is growing steadily. Thus, it...
Discretion is one of the essential notions in the criminal justice system, standing for the right of judges and other officials to act and make decisions based on one’s dictates of consciousness. It is manifested in the fact that great power, from its own perspective, can use a flexible combination...
Introduction Grievances are common in employment relationships, and understanding government regulations and dispute resolution approaches is key to achieving stability. Organizations face multiple challenges, such as labor cost that motivates unfair employee treatment. The employee and employer can address such issues to benefit both parties and ensure fairness. This case...
For this research, we will particularly look at the Robb Elementary School shootings that claimed 22 lives, including that of the gunman. Before the fatal events at the elementary school, the gunman celebrated his 18th birthday and bought at least two assault rifles as his present shortly after. Later on,...
John was a local gimp, lived there all his life, and was a prominent member of the community. John has been diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Commentary Stress Disorder. He also had hearing problems and permanent brain damage. The Gympie Regional Council received hundreds of unsubstantiated...
Introduction The social construction of serial killers involves significant psychological distortions causing antisocial behavior. The inclination to commit violent actions is most often caused by problems with brain functioning or psychiatric illnesses. Both issues are directly related to society’s order and issues such as marginalization, bullying, and victimization. Serial killers...
The state of California has distinct procedures concerning correction practices. Sentencing types employed in California include jail, prison, and several alternatives, such as drug treatment programs, probation, and home detention (Shouse, 2021). The prison system in California is managed by CDCR (California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation), which concentrates on...
Re-entry programs have been developed nationwide in the form of collaborative public-private partnerships to help criminals and prisoners return to their communities as law-abiding citizens. Although such collaborations were fruitful, they were categorized as demonstrations or pilot programs, which limited their scope in terms of geographic conditions and time. The...
Summary The criminal system uses both open-system models and closed-system models. The open-system model relies on the influence of the external environment to make decisions. On the other hand, the closed-system model relies on an organization’s internal systems to account for various behaviors. For instance, if a prisoner was abused...
Fracking is a method of extracting oil and gas from deposits that are deep underground. In order to do this, a well is drilled down to the deposit, and then a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals is injected at high pressure into the rock. This fractures the rock and...
Proposed Amendment The U.S. detention system shall be completely nationalized and operated by the government, with no place for privately-owned penitentiary institutions. The administration of justice shall be performed impartially, without any room for the considerations of profitability. Introduction Private prisons’ existence represents the commodification of imprisoned individuals and punishment,...
Background Personal data can be vulnerable to publication or information leakage. Conducting research requires scientists to work directly with raw data, which is usually obtained directly from the participants. Therefore, researchers must comply with the laws and regulations governing the publication, use, and dissemination of personal data. The protection of...
Search and seizure of items during an arrest is a sensitive matter since some of the surrendered items can have extremely personal information on them. It is exceptionally true for electronic devices, especially cell phones which have become the staple of the modern world. Mobile phones are recognized by the...
As a member of STOP ERA, Carol Anderson would not support the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Anderson chose this position because, as a housewife, Carol believed that her privileges were already protected by the law. Moreover, STOP ERA was an important movement opposing the ratification of ERA. Women...
Introduction Derrick Todd Lee was a Baton Rouge, Louisiana-based serial murderer, serial rapist, abductor, and thief. His crimes were timed to correspond with those of Sean Vincent Gillis, another Baton Rouge serial murderer (Johnston, 2021). Lee was one of four children who was violently mistreated by his stepfather, which his...
I believe that the developmental and neuroscience explanations of juvenile delinquency and behavior have a strong basis. Neurobiological evidence is becoming increasingly commonplace in the courts, demonstrating the effectiveness and popularity of the approach (Aono et al., 2019). Criminal law and the courts consider not only the physical actions of...
Today, the United States faces multiple national security threats emanating from internal and external sources. These threats can be categorized into threats coming from hostile governments such as North Korea or Russia, terrorism, advanced weaponry proliferation, cybercrime, and disease and natural disasters. Of all these threats, cybercrime poses an imminent...
Definition Family violence screening may be defined as activities that involve a set of instruments to assess population groups within the scope of actions and behaviors that fall into the family violence category (Fisher et al., 2020). Article Summary Supporting individuals who are victims of domestic abuse is a critical...
The USA is one of the countries that is trying to reduce the rate of crimes, and people have different opinions regarding the most serious types. According to Worrall (2018), individuals have approximately the same rating for criminal actions, but some prefer to look deeper into the problems. For instance,...
As teenagers who break the law are redirected from juvenile courts to adults with increasing frequency, questions about the appropriateness of such a practice are raised. Initially, this measure was intended to reduce the level of juvenile delinquency due to its more frequent cases (Redding, 2003). However, as a result,...
Introduction Over the past two years, hate crimes have become more common. This is why this issue is very acute nowadays and needs to be abolished. The following essay will refer to this atrocity and what can be done to combat them. I have chosen this topic due to the...
The BBC One Panorama documentary Domestic Abuse: Caught on Camera shows footage and evidence of domestic violence that has been a persistent problem in the UK. Domestic violence has accounted for one-third of recorded assaults with injury in Wales and England, as suggested in the report (BBC, 2014). The documentary...
Roach, K. (2017). Reforming and resisting the criminal law: Criminal justice and the tragically hip. Manitoba Law Journal, 40(3), 1-51. The abstract of the article makes it clear that the author focuses on the study of Tragically Hip songs as a source of calls to reform the criminal justice system....
The current paper examines one of the most influential court cases in American history – Marbury v. Madison (1803). Marbury issued a writ of mandamus to the Supreme Court that should have forced Madison to take legal action concerning the commissions of new judges. The lawsuit focused on three questions...
Introduction In the United States, people from different spheres focus on analyzing and understanding serial killings to predict possible disasters and learn human behaviors. According to Choo and Choi (2020), murder is a combination of individual, social, health, cultural, and environmental factors, explaining the necessity to consider multiple perspectives of...
The Constitution’s Fourth Amendment protects individuals against unjustified government searches and seizures. However, the Fourth Amendment is not a protection against every unreasonable search and seizure; it only protects against those that the law deems unjustified (Harr et al., 2017). The reasonableness of a specific sort of search within the...
The legalization of drugs has long become a subject of controversy. Many debates regarding whether or not legalizing marijuana have reduced crime have been raised. The legalization of marijuana (Cannabis) in different states has shown many benefits in reducing crime over the stipulated increase of crimes. Specialists supporting the decriminalization...
Victim precipitated homicide (VPH) occurs when the sequence of events that result in murder is initiated by the person who ends up dead. The term was coined by Marvin Wolfgang in 1958 after his intense research on the nature of homicide (Siegel, 2018). Particularly, he investigated Philadelphian records on homicide...
Although crime is a challenging topic to describe, it is necessary to do so before studying it. A crime is specified as a deliberate deed or omission in contravention of the provisions of law, perpetrated by lacking justification or rationale and condoned by the nation. Other factors also play a...
Exercising Discretion As a rule, exercising discretion means weighing all the pros and cons, making logical judgments, and drawing specific conclusions. In general, this process implies a case in which an individual has the right to choose, regardless of the views of management or higher authorities (FLSA overtime security advisor,...
The job of the police, according to my opponent’s post, is inefficient. According to this theory, there should be faster reaction times and more proactive police officers than reactive ones. These solutions, it is also said, can contribute to creating a better environment for the community and the police. For...
Abstract Capital punishment for juvenile offenders is a contentious issue that requires fast action to eradicate it as a form of penalty. Juvenile delinquents are incapable of reasoning like their counterparts adults but face harsh punishments in various US states and worldwide. Individuals at this age are subject to various...
Alternatives to imprisonment are disciplinary or alternative treatments for offenders that do not include incarceration in a prison or jail, either at the time of sentence or in reaction to non-compliance by an individual currently undergoing supervised release. Alternative options to incarceration in California include split sentences, which is a...
The Mine Health and Safety Act of 1996 indicates that records cited in sections 12, 13, and 14 of the act must be retained by employers until the moment a mine is closed. Part 3 of Section 12 includes records of occupational hygiene measurements. These documents are vital for the...
Introduction The state has a number of obligations to citizens, predetermined by the need to realize human rights. However, due to the fact that the conditions can be interpreted in different ways, there is an ambiguous characterization, for example, of health care. How has health care and coverage changed over...
