Introduction
Employment law covers many employment-related concerns, emphasizing the processes and policies businesses might enact. Employment law might first look varied and complex for company owners who must adhere to UK employment rules while operating their daily operations. Several employment laws have the same purpose: to protect companies, define their responsibility to workers, and provide certain rights and protections to company owners. They guarantee that all parties get equal treatment on the job. UK employment law is one example of this since it establishes criteria for contract elements such as vacation time, formal notice periods, and disciplinary regulations (Dagan & Heller, 2021). Contracts give a reference point and clarity to guarantee that both the employer and the employee have an agreement. The employment laws in the UK are designed to protect workforces against discriminating workplace treatment, ranging from hiring procedures to workplace behavior. This paper will analyze the employment law in the UK in terms of the need to reform the current employment law, the importance of establishing a “floor of rights,” and minimum employment standards.
Employment Law in the United Kingdom
The employment laws in the UK have undergone desirable changes to cater to the welfare of workers. Around 4 million companies in the United Kingdom employ 21 million full-time people (Mangan, 2018). UK employees and employers are protected under the country’s employment laws. Dismissal, vacations, compensation, and discrimination are only a few of the issues these rules cover, designed to safeguard employees’ rights while preserving employers’ interests and fostering a fair working relationship (Mangan, 2018). In the United Kingdom, employees under the age of 23 are eligible for the National Living Wage and the National Minimum Wage. Candidates and employees are protected by the 2010 Equality Act, which prohibits discrimination against people who fall into one protected group. When a new employee is hired, they are also protected under the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act, which regulates workplace safety (Elias, 2018). These cover all workers’ rights to work in a safe environment.
UK labor law regulates the interaction between workers, employers, and labor unions. Workers in the United Kingdom have access to a bare minimum charter of workplace rights due to laws, rules, common law, and fairness. From April 2022, over-23-year-olds were deemed eligible for a minimum salary of ÂŁ9.50 under the 1998 National Minimum Pay Act (Verschueren, 2022). When employees have the authority to determine how a corporation is conducted collaboratively, fair labor rules go beyond the bare minimum (Verschueren, 2022). This is done via collective bargaining, facilitated by the right to strike and a developing set of direct participation rights in the workplace. Voting for trustees of occupational pensions is mandated under the 2004 Pensions Act. Employees of some enterprises, such as colleges, have the right to vote for their directors. Contracts with employees and modifications to the workplace structure must be negotiated to achieve an agreement in businesses with more than 50 employees.
The Need to Changing the United Kingdom’s Labor Laws
The United Kingdom has sophisticated setoff labor laws that have developed over the years to protect employees. Regulations control critical topics like compensation, vacation rights, and firing. However, there is a considerable disparity in actualizing employees’ rights (Morrison, 2019). Although workers in high-status professions are more likely to be effectively protected, this is not always the case due to the low enforcement of UK labor regulations. On the 2021 Global Rights Index, the country had “regular violations of rights” (which assesses union and worker rights) (MĂĽckenberger, 2022). All employees in the UK ought to be given an employment contract that functions as the basis for their employment connection.
The United Kingdom’s law requires that new employees get an employment contract within two months. On the other hand, many British workers are not protected by a formal agreement. If the employer has not provided you with a written contract, an employee has a lawful right to place their request. Employees under 18 are not supposed to work more than eight hours a day or 40 hours a week (Sánchez-Monedero et al., 2020). Moreover, employees in the UK should be provided with sufficient rest intervals. Employees who work over six hours per day need at least twenty minutes of break time, at least eleven hours of rest between shifts, and at least one day off each week. For workers under 18, a break of 30 minutes throughout the workday, two days off every week and 12 hours amongst shifts are now required (Sánchez-Monedero et al., 2020). Additionally, UK employees are at liberty to seek reduced working hours, time off or change work schedules due to individual conditions.
Role of the Employment Law in the UK
The UK’s employment law covers employer-related matters. This law includes recruitment practices, contracts, discrimination, and wrongful dismissal. Employment law in the United Kingdom establishes a weekly restriction on the hours a person may work. This translates to 48 hours per week for most British workers. Employees are not required to work additional hours. However, they may choose to do so (Duddington, 2019). The UK’s employment law regulates employer-employee relationships. Individual workers and their employers are treated equally in all aspects of the workplace and throughout any recruitment or termination process.
Employment law is critical for recruiting since it assures that companies cannot be prejudiced in their hiring decisions. Employers must pay close attention to job descriptions and document the variables that influenced their decision to choose one applicant (Aloisi & De Stefano, 2020). As a consequence, it protects applicants from unjustified discrimination. Whether an offer is given orally or in writing, an employment contract is formed if a job seeker accepts it.
Employers must use caution during interviews to verify that no offer of employment has been made. After making a job offer, the employer must know that the terms and conditions will be made public in writing (Monotti, 2018). Contracts may still require candidates to provide proof and references in specific instances. If these conditions are not met, the contract may be void. A new employee must get written terms and conditions from their employer on or before the first day of work. They must include information on the number of hours worked, the amount earned, the job title and description, the number of paid holidays earned, and the location of the business.
Employers are prevented under this provision of Employment Law from making employment choices based on a lack of information and references that might harm their business. Additionally, a formal offer of employment protects candidates who receive a verbal job offer that never materializes. Employers are banned from paying less than the new National Living Wage. It will upsurge to ÂŁ8.72 per hour in April 2022 for individuals above 25. All employees in the nation must be paid a minimum wage (Phillips, 2018). The minimum wage should not include tips, gratuities, service charges, or other expenditures incurred by service industry workers. Employers are obliged to make National Insurance and tax payments through PAYE. As a result, employees are assured to pay the exact amount of tax and National Insurance (NI) payments.
Regulation of the UK Employment Law
The term “employment law” refers to various statutes and actions addressing the rights and obligations of workers. Personnel in human resources are usually educated on employment regulations and how they relate to all parts of their jobs. Employment law is governed by civil law, not criminal law. Criminal law applies to wrongdoers, but civil law applies to employers and employees in this situation involving an employment dispute. Employment law is a collection of laws that govern the working relationship. The 2010 Equality Act is significant legislation affecting the working relationship (Burton, 2020). Discrimination based on nine protected characteristics is forbidden under the Act.
The following are banned grounds for discrimination: sexual orientation, religion or belief, pregnancy and motherhood, race, and sexual orientation. The Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974 (HSWA) is the principal piece of legislation controlling occupational health and safety (Burton, 2020). The HSWA may be scary at times because if you are found to be in breach of health and safety standards, you may face substantial penalties or even corporate manslaughter charges. The UK proprietors are required to ensure their workers are safeguarded from harm and that their safety, health, and welfare are not jeopardized by taking all reasonable and logical precautions.
Importance of Including a “Floor of Rights” and Minimum Standards
In labor law, the term “floor of rights” refers to legislation establishing fundamental standards for employment contracts, which serve as a “floor” or basis for collective bargaining. The content of such rights comprises the essential terms and conditions, such as maximum work hours, minimum wages, and health and safety requirements (Burton, 2020). Rules govern illnesses, layoffs, regular pay, wrongful termination, redundancies, and unemployment benefits. The establishment of the floor of rights may provide additional or special rights to specific employees to avoid socially unacceptable discrimination.
In the United Kingdom, laws protecting workers’ rights are written so that no exceptions or derogations from the statutory minimum of rights are permitted. It is feasible that removing salaries and working circumstances that pay less than a predetermined minimum wage may promote industrial efficiency, poverty reduction, and the broader application of wage justice concepts (Cabrelli, 2020). The statutory intervention also functions as a forum for collective bargaining, allowing for modifying the law’s essential terms and circumstances via joint regulation.
The Employment Standards Act (ESA) of 2000, as it is known, defines fundamental standards for the majority of employees in the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, “minimum requirements” are referred to as “employment standards” and apply to the rights and obligations of both employees and employers (Cabrelli, 2020). Minimum standards aim to protect employees from receiving less than the bare minimum. An employer may go above and beyond the ESA’s minimum standards as a reminder. Minimum wage and working-hour standards and a commitment to equality will make workers happier and more productive.
Equal opportunity for all workers must be a primary objective of every management in the workplace. Making use of data analytics makes it possible to identify workers who are poorly paid for comparable roles or duties. For example, human resource analytics may aid managers in identifying salary disparities across their workforce, and executives can ascertain patterns across many departments to identify the root cause of issues (Galvin, 2019). Comprehending how particular groups of workers, especially people of color may be poorly paid in distinct company sectors may serve in identifying potential trends or patterns.
It is a good idea to support the upcoming religious and cultural festivals to educate people about the value of diversity. Managers should inquire about their team members’ plans for the holiday after a team call or meeting if the audience is not too large. Managers should utilize the intranet to aid employees in staying informed about religious and holiday activities unique to their cultures (Galvin, 2019). Managers may be more sensitive to employees’ schedules and recognize that they may have various needs that require some degree of flexibility when scheduling meetings.
There is a sizable proportion of vulnerable workers who lack health care benefits. By establishing a floor of rights, the most vulnerable workers in the UK will be protected. Employers will be able to manage these personnel more effectively in the future. Being safeguarded against bias and arbitrary supervisory behavior is a critical component of this protection (Galvin, 2019). These rights will protect vulnerable workers’ workplace safety and health. Pensions do not cover the majority of vulnerable workers in the United Kingdom. In the UK, just 11% of low-wage workers receive defined benefit pensions, the lowest rate in the industrialized world (versus 34 percent for workforces in other wage brackets) (Galvin, 2019). The majority of low-wage workers (43 percent) do not participate in defined contribution plans.
Families with at least one working adult have become the poorest in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has a larger share of low-wage, low-skilled jobs than other developed countries. They are more likely to face job insecurity and get less training, lowering their workplace development chances. Migrants have 13 million low-skilled jobs, 16 percent of which are occupied by foreign nationals (Sternlight, 2019). Non-European Economic Area (EEA) employees hold 60% of EEA workers’ employment (Galvin, 2019). Over the previous decade, the United Kingdom has welcomed over a million low-skilled immigrants (Sternlight, 2019). Following Central and Eastern Europe’s growth, half came from these areas.
If the floor of rights is applied in the UK, ‘lower-skilled’ work will be abolished. Suppose organizations in the UK do not have access to this talent pool. In that case, they will need to review their recruitment methods and concentrate on hiring from the available pool of UK citizens or European migrants already residing in the UK (Sternlight, 2019). These persons must have pre-settled or settled status. Businesses in the United Kingdom must look for new staff within their boundaries. Employees in the United Kingdom who lack the requisite abilities should be enrolled in training programs.
Conclusion
Employment law and other pertinent legislation are unquestionably more applicable in the workplace, given the increased importance of privacy and sensitive employment concerns, such as data collection. Workers are educated about their rights and obligations on the job. Additionally, they are capable of defending their interests through properly defined systems. On the other hand, employers may benefit from labor laws and other relevant legislation. Employers that fail to meet their duties may face a fine or criminal prosecution. As a result, an employer’s obligation is often called “employer liability” or “vicarious liability.” Under an employment contract, the employer’s commitment is higher than the employee’s. However, the UK economy needs to amend present laws and government programs.
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