Arranging Information to Build Evidence

📄 Words:	970
📝 Subject:	Criminology & Crime Theory
📑 Pages:	2
✍️ Type:	Essay

	Task 1. Assemble the collected data.
	Key concept or descriptor (1)	Citation or Reference (2)	Main Ideas (3)	Data Quality (4)
	Taken from maps and bibliographic entry card	Taken from maps and bibliographic entry card	Taken from maps and bibliographic entry card	Do data meet quality standards?
Abu, N., & Staniewski, M. Determinants of corruption in Nigeria. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 32(1). (A)	Reducing corruption in Nigeria	Abu, N., & Staniewski, M. (2019). Determinants of corruption in Nigeria: Evidence from various estimation techniques. Economic research -Ekonomska istraživanija, 32(1), 3052-3076	· Higher economic development and greater civil liberties provide a lower level of corruption.	Yes
Budhram, T., & Geldenhuys, N. Combating corruption in South Africa. Acta Criminologica: African Journal of Criminology & Victimology, 31(2). (B)	The endemic character of African corruption	Budhram, T., & Geldenhuys, N. (2018). Combating corruption in South Africa: Assessing the performance of investigating and prosecuting agencies. Acta Criminologica: African Journal of Criminology & Victimology, 31(2), 23-46.	· The African government does not manage to extirpate corruption and bribery. · The acts of role players, liable for the fight against corruption, are one of the reasons why corruption in Africa is more widespread than in countries of other continents.	Yes
Galperin, B. L., Enueme, C. F., & Dixon, D. P. Pay the bribe or take the high road. The CASE Journal, 16(1). (C)	Ethical dilemma, caused by corruption	Galperin, B. L., Enueme, C. F., & Dixon, D. P. (2020). Pay the bribe or take the high road: Dilemma of a young female Tanzanian entrepreneur. The CASE Journal, 16(1), 75-96.	· The Tanzanian entrepreneurs regularly face the problems caused by corrupted culture. · The women have fewer chances to succeed in business due to stereotypes and limits.	Yes
Onwujekwe, O., Orjiakor, C. T., Hutchinson, E., McKee, M., Agwu, P., Mbachu, C.,… & Balabanova, D. Where do we start? International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(7). (D)	Corruption in the Nigerian health sector	Onwujekwe, O., Orjiakor, C. T., Hutchinson, E., McKee, M., Agwu, P., Mbachu, C.,… & Balabanova, D. (2020). Where do we start? Building consensus on drivers of health sector corruption in Nigeria and ways to address it. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(7), 286.	· The Nigerian healthcare sector is corrupted like many other spheres. · Although corruption is quite widespread, it is not irresistible: a structured approach can help to defeat it.	Yes
Turyakira, P. K. Ethical practices of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences,21(1). (E)	Business ethics in small and medium-sized enterprises	Turyakira, P. K. (2018). Ethical practices of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries: Literature analysis. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21(1), 1-7.	· Violation of the rules of business ethics leads to the collapse of the business and contributes to increased corruption.	Yes

According to these well-grounded studies, it is possible to conclude that corruption is one of significant Africa’s burdens with an endemic character. Abu and Staniewski’s (2019) research clearly shows that bribery is closely connected with many aspects of the country’s functioning: state of the economy, size of military expenditures and rent, and civil liberties. This widespread phenomenon complicates the lives of African residents: it causes low economic development and business collapse.

There are several reasons that explain the strong positions of corruption. Firstly, as Budhram and Geldenhuys (2018) conclude, it is insufficiently thought out the role players’ performance fighting against bribery: the success of these agencies in Africa is pretty lower than in countries of other continents. The corrupted culture has penetrated almost all state levels; it does not neglect even minor organizations (Turyakira, 2018). Secondly, corruption is partly caused due to regular violation of business ethics’ norms (Galperin et al., 2020). Thus, these studies focusing on the factors contributing to corruption’s development help understand how to fight it.

Although corruption in Africa seems powerful, it would be wrong to think that it is irresistible. According to Onwujekwe et al. (2020), the well-structured approach involving the participation of representatives of different agencies can help defeat or at least weaken it. All these precise studies fit each other and describe Africa’s state from different sides, contributing to finding the potential ways to improve its economy.

The Coding Scheme

Code	Evidence	Description
AS-19	High economic development can guarantee a lower level of corruption.	States with pretty high profits can use various tools and financial resources to defeat corruption.
BG-18	The agencies of the African government do not manage to extirpate corruption.	The research conducted in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Lithuania shows that despite all agencies’ efforts, the level of corruption there is higher than in other countries.
GE-20	The African entrepreneurs have different challenges caused by corrupted culture.	The research focuses on the experience of a Tanzanian woman striving to achieve business success: due to corruption, she faced many problems.
OH-20	Corruption can be defeated: it is possible to develop ways to achieve it.	A well-structured approach aiming to unite the efforts of entrepreneurs and officials can help fight against corruption.
T-18	Violation of the rules of business ethics leads to business collapse that contributes to corruption.	Due to unethical behavior of employees or managers, customers lose trust in an organization.

This coding scheme focuses on five pieces of evidence and consists of three parts: the evidence, its code, and its description. The code is developed according to the authors’ initials and the year of publication of the work, based on which the evidence is formulated. All studies are closely connected due to the common theme: they describe the manifestations of corruption but do it from different sides. Due to this scheme, it becomes possible to quickly find the necessary data and not to reread all works to obtain the required information. Therefore, the codes help conduct research and achieve its primary goals.

References

Abu, N., & Staniewski, M. (2019). Determinants of corruption in Nigeria: Evidence from various estimation techniques. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 32(1), 3052-3076.

Budhram, T., & Geldenhuys, N. (2018). Combating corruption in South Africa: Assessing the performance of investigating and prosecuting agencies. Acta Criminologica: African Journal of Criminology & Victimology, 31(2), 23-46.

Galperin, B. L., Enueme, C. F., & Dixon, D. P. (2020). Pay the bribe or take the high road: Dilemma of a young female Tanzanian entrepreneur. The CASE Journal, 16(1), 75-96.

Onwujekwe, O., Orjiakor, C. T., Hutchinson, E., McKee, M., Agwu, P., Mbachu, C.,… & Balabanova, D. (2020). Where do we start: Building consensus on drivers of health sector corruption in Nigeria and ways to address it. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(7), 286.

Turyakira, P. K. (2018). Ethical practices of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries: Literature analysis. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21(1), 1-7.

The Coding Scheme

References

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