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Abstract The Accountable Care Act (ACA) is a bill passed by the congress in America in 2010. After the signing of the act was made, it came into operation early 2011. President Obama is one of the key figures that proposed the law. The act seeks to provide health insurance...
Overall decrease in juvenile arrests Puzzanchera (2009) indicates that juvenile arrests in 2008 decreased by 3% compared to arrests in 2007. Moreover, there was a 2% decrease in juvenile arrests related to violent crimes over the same period. It is pertinent to note that in 2005 and 2006, arrests for...
Executive Summary Organ donation establishes a tremendous difference in someone’s life; thus, people who donate organs to others do it with an aim of saving or improving someone’s life. Many countries have ratified laws which govern organ donation. The US, for instance, has devised laws such as; Uniform Anatomical Gift...
Introduction Drug courts refer to specialized types of courts that deal with cases of nonviolent offenders who have been incarcerated for having abused drugs (Franco, 2011). Before an offender gets enrolled in a drug court program, he/she must undergo a drug test and rigorous supervision by court officials in order...
Legalization of Marijuana The public policy includes the decisions and actions that governments take in order to address certain public issues and problems such as crime. Crime in most societies is dealt with through the legal system and criminal justice institutions which outline and enforce set consequences for particular crimes....
Introduction Money laundering has become a common phenomenon in nearly all the countries in the world. Money laundering is an action that involves moving money through a couple of nations with the objective of obscuring its origins (Hopton 27). Money laundering can be regarded as an act of making that...
Introduction The judicial system was established to create harmony in the society by protecting the rights of each and every citizen. Laws were set up to ensure that the country can run effectively. The system has been constantly modified and new systems have been put in place to ensure that...
The main difference between human beings and animals is that animals are ruled by the law of the jungle where only the strong survive while human beings are governed by laws that strive to achieve justice and equality. The laws that govern human beings are aimed at ensuring all the...
Background A police officer stops a speeding vehicle early in the morning. Aboard are three men identified as Donte Partlow, who is the owner and the driver at the time, there is also Joseph Jermaine Pringle, who is the respondent to this case and was occupying the front passenger seat...
Introduction The issue of same-sex marriage has plagued many countries across the world. In the United States, there has been a lot of resistance to the proposal that a bill is passed to allow gay marriage. The opposition to gay marriage is usually fueled by a religious bias that stipulates...
Introduction The right to own guns is a very complicated and grave matter. Nevertheless, arms are quite factually a matter of life and death. America has a very serious problem of arms, with rates of gun associated accidents, murders, violence and suicide far beyond those of industrialized countries in numbers....
The first amendment forms part of the bill of rights of America’s constitution, and it is one of the changes that have reinforced US democracy. This was to guard against government’s interference in the right of freedom of religion and expression (Smith, 2007). The freedom of expression is composed of...
Juvenile offenders and related laws and legal procedures can be traced back to around 2270 BC during the time of the Code of Hammurabi which had provisions on how to deal with offending children. About two millenniums ago in the Roman Empire civil and church law distinguished between juvenile offenders...
Introduction Sexual offenders are people who have committed sex crimes. They are also called sex offenders, sexual abusers, or sex abusers. However, these sex crimes are relative to culture and legal jurisdiction. Most law systems bring together their laws under sections like assault, murder, or even sexual offenses amongst other...
A criminal investigation has become more advanced with the introduction of DNA profiling systems. With the increasing sophistication of criminals, it would be quite impossible to convict criminals in the absence of forensic science. Thus with the use of evidence that would have been invisible to the naked eye, it...
Introduction March 23rd, 2010 was a historic day in Washington after a nearly century old struggle. After debate, false starts and incremental change, major healthcare reform legislation was passed by both the houses of congress and signed by President Barack Obama. The president and the congress and the senate succeeded...
Introduction Before going into the matter of the ban on Foie Gras some introductory material must be offered on the practice. Foie Gras is a French word that can be interpreted in English as “Fat liver” (Grant 54). The most common source of this popular delicacy is the fattened liver...
Introduction Directors’ duties under English Courts are based on the company’s principle that a company is a separate legal entity from its members. With such a foundation, the directors act under the fiduciary duty. Their duties establish a fiduciary relationship between them and the members of the company. In recent...
Introduction The European Union (EU) has established and ratified several regulations and frameworks that seek to promote healthy business practices among the member countries. In particular, the move by the EU seeks to protect the end consumer, through existing regulation, from being subjected to unfair sales practices. To sustain this...
Interview Summary The owner of the business operates a small business that is co-owned by two partners making it a partnership. This means that the owner has a legal liability over the liabilities. Based on the interview, the legal structure of the business is a partnership. According to the owner,...
Introduction The employment correlation is a lawful concept broadly accepted in countries around the globe to refer to the link between the employer and the employee. The former works for the latter under distinct conditions for remuneration. Through this link, the mutual rights and obligations are created between the employee...
Abstract The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) consists of several regulatory agencies to control the activities within the health care industry in order to promote high-quality health care and to guarantee the public’s access to health care services. Such laws and regulations as the Emergency Treatment and Active...
The History of White Collar Crime White-collar crime is a non-violent form of crime committed mostly in the corporate world by persons who hold positions that allow them to control financial dealings and transactions. It is mostly committed for the purpose of financial gain mostly in commercial transactions through activities...
Introduction Established in 1789, The Supreme Court is the highest in the United States. It is composed of Chief Justice and associate justices. The President of the United States nominates the judges and subsequently appoints them after vetting by the Senate. Article II of the American Constitution created the U.S....
Leadership Leadership is defined as both the process that motivates the achievement of a goal and the abilities that are inherent in a particular person, which enables him to guide that process (Sims, 2002). Essentially, leadership is what inspires others to do what the leader is convinced should be done....
The end of the major world wars forced nations to go back to their drawing boards and restructure their institutions to ensure they had the power to protect their citizens and boundaries. The end of these wars marked the beginning of wider democratic spaces not only internationally but also within...
In legal terms, crimes are acts or omissions that are prohibited by law and can be punished either by fine or imprisonment. The common examples of crime are murder, robbery, tax payment failure, child neglect, rape, and others. However, the key understanding of crime lies in the identification of what...
It is now generally acknowledged in criminology and criminal law that organized crime as constituted in contemporary contexts is perpetuated under the precepts of two broad-based models, namely bureaucratic and patron-client organizations (Van Dijk, 2007). It is important to note that a bureaucratic criminal enterprise is governed by a hierarchy...
Introduction Narrative and background information Closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs) are increasingly becoming common in major cities around the world. Kroener defines closed-circuit television as a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed, but are monitored primarily for surveillance and security purposes (122). According to research by Kennedy, there are...
The labor market is made up of various stakeholders. They include the workers and the employers. The former are the sellers, while the latter are the buyers. Their interaction creates supply and demand in the labor market. The nature of this engagement determines the wage paid to the workers. For...
Introduction In his article Defying the odds on gun regulation: The passage of bipartisan mental health laws across the states, Goss addresses the issue of mental health in relation to gun control, stating that the current gun control regulations may suffer drastic changes due to the effects that the statements...
Introduction After the completion of the trial process, defendants in the United States have the right to appeal to state and federal courts of appeals. The appellate court system in the United States should be discussed as part of the nation’s dual court system that includes both federal courts and...
Introduction The use of DNA evidence in the investigation of crimes in America dates back to 1987. Before this period, many cases remained unsolved due to a lack of sufficient evidence. Jobling and Gill (739) report that the late 1980s were characterized by problems related to admissibility. Thus, there was...
Introduction Division of powers between the institutions is the important feature of the criminal justice system in democratic societies. This separation of powers is an essential factor to protect the rights of suspects during the criminal process, regardless the focus on the civil law or on the common law principles....
Introduction Fair Work Australia (FWA) focuses on relations in the workplace and provision of help to employees and employers. According to Wright, one of the roles of FWA involves varying awards at the workplace (5). The agency defines the bargaining powers of both employees and employers through the Fair Work...
Introduction The concept of organized crime is often used in reference to illegal activities conducted by conspiratorial criminal groups or organizations with the goal of making money (Wright 12). Most of organized crime groups are structured in the pyramid shaped hierarchal business formats. These criminal organizations use violence and bribery...
Introduction Stop-and-frisk is a policy that is common in many nations across the world. In some of countries, the act is constitutional, while in others, it is unconstitutional. Frisking is defined as a search that is conducted on a person (Ritchie & Mogul, 2007). Stopping is an act of preventing...
Introduction It is possible to note that the modern judicial system is based on the principle of retributive, restorative, and parallel justice but when it comes to homicide the former seems to be the most appropriate form of justice. It is possible to consider a case of a murderer to...
Businesses face legal disputes at one time or the other. Most conflicts occur at the local level. As such, they are determined by state courts (Hall, 2004). Some of these judicial bodies include limited-jurisdiction, general jurisdiction, intermediate appellate, and Supreme courts. Parties to the dispute may prefer to resolve the...
Introduction The Australian practice of the criminal justice system is anchored on the petit jury, a fundamental conviction in the rule of law, justice, as well as the independence of the judicial system (Edmond 2010). Any persons who comes before an Australian court is subjected to be treated equally with...
Introduction Forensic accounting and fraud investigation are important divisions in the field of accounting. Fraud and forensic accounting involves the detection of fraud in financial accounts and financial statements of companies, organizations, and businesses (Manning, 2010). It has been used to unearth corruption and fraud in some of the largest...
Introduction The provision of health care services is an important aspect of human life compared to all other needs. This explains why healthcare bills usually arouse debates and confrontations among law makers. Nations and individuals have placed a lot of resources on research to ensure they develop effective ways of...
Executive Summary This paper gives a stringent analysis of the UAE carriers, which are among the fastest growing airlines in the world. According to the analysis, the airlines are employing all the strategic requirements in addressing the needs of the external environment. However, the industry has some deficit in addressing...
Introduction As it would be observed, criminal investigation has never been conducted fairly all the time. While there has been notable success in criminal investigation matters, it seems most likely that, many people in this world have been convicted of crimes they did not commit. This has been as a...
Maryland Health Benefit Exchange is an independent department of the US government set up in April 2011 by the Patient Protection and Affordable Act of 2010. The law requires that every state should offer health care plans at affordable rates. Individuals should therefore not buy plans the Exchange offers. The...
Introduction Nicole Brown, O.J. Simpson’s divorced wife, was found stabbed to death together with her friend Ronald Goldman at night on June 12, 1994, two years after she had divorced Simpson. The latter was charged with the crime but his defense team got him acquitted after a lengthy criminal trial...
Introduction Comprehensive discussion of juvenile delinquency and crimes is a difficult task that researchers encounter in their day-to-day studies. Several factors may contribute towards children’s deviant behaviors. Biological, psychological, and social factors contribute heavily towards the development of theories of juvenile deliquescent. The social causes of crimes committed by children...
Introduction Medicinal marijuana is the use of cannabis and its extracts as a remedy for curing or managing medical conditions. This form of medication has been in use since 2,757 BC and today continues to elicit mixed debates about its legalization and subsequent use in medical institutions. Although the scope...
Introduction Drug abuse not only affects the developing countries, but also the developed countries and therefore, countries across the world have developed and formulated laws and legislations to combat the menace of drug abuse. Although most governments remain liberal in the use of the non-psychotropic drugs, almost all governments of...
In the given paper, some of the possible variants of eliminating the cases of discrimination are going to be considered. It is obvious that the main goal of the criminal sanctions is to decrease the likelihood of the accident occurring. However, certain disparities against African Americans and other nationalities have...
Justice is quite an elusive term. For example, justice could imply different things to different individuals within the same society. Justice is not just an ambiguous term during times of war or to the politicians, but even within the criminal justice system, the idea of how to achieve justice is...
Description, production, and reporting of UCR UCR, or Uniform Crime Reports, are a series of important data for police department aimed at tracking the statistics and numerical data that affects the stability and accuracy of crime investigation. The reporting is produced by the Federal Bureau of Investigation that has been...
Introduction The area of law covering international carriage of goods by sea has been regulated by international conventions such as The Hague, the Hague-Visby and the Hamburg Rules, each providing for improvements over the earlier regime. There were several other national, regional and hybrid regimes controlling the international transportation of...
The research question answered in this paper seeks to identify the role played by police in crime prevention. There are several parties involved in crime prevention. However, each one of them has unique roles that dictate overall success crime prevention. This research question is important since crime prevention is not...
Introduction The criminal justice system is the branch of judiciary that is mandated to deal with all criminal matters that are brought to court for determination. Usually, when a criminal matter is brought before a court of law, there is always a procedure that is followed in determining the matters...
In the United Kingdom labor relations dates back to the time of the industrial revolution which ushered the implementation of laws that govern the relationship between employers and employees. Under the Employment Rights Act workers in Britain are guaranteed of certain rights and benefits which they accrue upon the acquisition...
White-collar crimes are crimes that affluent people commit in the society due to their position of influence or occupation. In this context, fiduciary fraud is a type of white-collar crime in which a person or financial institution entrusted with money or property commits by going against the terms and conditions...
Introduction The Companies Act 2006 governs company Law in the UK. The Act brought many changes in Company Law in Britain. It led to codification of common law principles and introduced new provisions for companies. The Act also brought about unification of two systems of law (Britain, Wales or Northern...
Introduction Every kind of crime consists of a certain element whose existence should be proved by the government in order for a conviction to be given by a court of law. Similarly, every crime has a law against it without which the act cannot be termed as a crime due...
Introduction Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 is a federal statute which was enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress. The act is aimed at protecting “children from sexual exploitation and violent crime”, preventing “child abuse and child...
Introduction Stem cells are biological cells found in all multi cellular organisms. They have a unique feature of a remarkable potential to self renew and form other specialized types of cells in addition, they can produce more stem cells found in the human body. Scientists confirmed the existence of three...
Elements of a valid contract A contract is defined as a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties where one party agrees to undertake some actions while the other part guarantees a consideration as a result; a breach of the conditions leads to a legal case. Not all contracts...
Introduction Environment plays a very important role in the existence of mankind and therefore the global community takes issues concerning the environment with a lot of care and precaution. The environment has a direct impact on human life and sometimes man has been hit hard by nature due to environmental...
Introduction One of the primary objectives of any government is to provide security and protection to its citizens from all forms of security threats. One of how this can be ensured is through the enactment of policies regulating the use of guns. However, a tug of war between the U.S...
Introduction The ethical conduct of public officials, such as the police plays a significant role in determining the performance of such public agencies. Police deviant behavior refers to activities that a police officer may undertake during the line of duty that is not consistent with the societal values and ethical...
Introduction Juveniles are the young people, children, and youths, who have not attained the age of being regarded as adults. Adults, on the other hand, are people who are considered grown-ups and independent hence fully accountable for their deeds. The difference between the juveniles and the adults has led to...
Introduction Since ancient times women are always considered the inferior sex. It is the mark of a progressive society to bridge the gap and to elevate the status of women in society. In the United Kingdom one of the best examples of progress in the area of gender relations is...
Introduction Tax law simply refers to a group of rules defining taxation within a specific state. According to Mtetwa (Para 1), accounting is a procedure in financial business where all deals are recorded. Accounting involves keeping a record of what an organization owns and owes other organizations and individuals. Accounting...
Introduction Capital punishment refers to the legally recognized imposition of death as a penalty and right from olden times it has been used for a broad selection of felonies. Offenses that can attract a death sentence are referred to as capital offenses or crimes. The reference capital has its roots...
The legislation came into power in 2002 and launched foremost transforms to the guideline of financial performance and corporate governance. This Act was passed by President Bush. It was named after its creators Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. It also places various time limits for compliance. It was...
Introduction According to me, organized crime can be described as a group of people whether employed or non-employed who makes money through illegal activities such as extortion, corruption, drug syndicates, and other forms of force. Most of the times they make money by spreading fear and intimidation throughout the community...
Introduction Criminal justice is a broad term that encompasses different aspects of justice in crime. It is society’s instrument in maintaining social control. Siegel (2010) states that ‘some behaviors are so dangerous that they must be controlled or strictly prohibited in the society’ (p. 8). To moderate societal behavior, the...
Introduction Juvenile justice refers to the form of legal justice administered to legal offenders who are minors. These minors may be involved in different forms of criminal activities, which require legal intervention. Jurisdictions across the states of the United States are adapting the case management model to deal with most...
Introduction Wrongful conviction can be one of the most agonizing experiences that a human being can endure. It not only tortures the wrongful convictee psychologically, but also allows the person who committed the actual crime to unfairly enjoy the fruit of freedom and probably commit even more serious crimes. The...
Introduction Criminal Law is considered a branch of law that is responsible for dealing with crimes committed against public authority and where penalties are applicable (AbadPinsky 58). In other words, it is a penal law involving the prosecution of behaviors considered to be a crime. Criminal law usually includes criminal...
Background on the legislation The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was passed into law in March 2010, following a public outcry on the need for reforms in the healthcare system. Previously, the provision of health care in the United States has been in the spotlight over the accessibility...
Contemporary drivers are habitually using their cell phones while they are driving. This is one of the most frequent cases of distracted driving that have made a large number of people lose their lives. The tendency of people to send text messages while driving has, therefore, attracted substantial research from...
Introduction Bloom & Brodin (2006) defines probable cause as the quantity of facts and circumstances that the police officer has established which allows him to reasonably conclude that the individual in question was involved in the crime hence warranting the individual’s arrest or that specific evidence related to a crime...
Introduction In the field of criminology, the theory of rational choice has adopted a kind of utilitarian belief. In this belief, a man who is the character that is involved in crime is an actor who before engaging in any crime or any other act, weighs the end results that...
Introduction Crime analysis is an upcoming branch in law enforcement and is the act of analyzing crime, more precisely, it is the placing of criminal acts into their respective categories in order to find out the nature and reports arising from the investigations through the application of systematic and analytical...
Introduction The attorney-client privilege is a legal principal that was invented with the advent of law to prevent legal counsels from making known information that was given by their clients in confidence. The purpose of attorney-client privilege was originally designed in order to prevent pitting lawyers against their clients in...
Introduction Under the European Union law on the convection of human rights, all the members are required to implement laws into their constitutions that uphold the fundamental rights of all humans. Likewise, laws enacted by the European court should be adopted into law by member countries and not be seen...
Introduction The study of crime has been in existence for many centuries but has only gained prominence in recent times. This can mostly be attributed to popularization by the media especially in the West. Psychologists and criminal profilers have been gathering valuable data pertaining to the reasons behind any criminal...
Introduction Youth conferences are meetings that are convened to consider how young people should be dealt with when they commit offenses. It is expected that at the end of such conferences, there will be an action plan for dealing with the offenses and the offenders according to the principles that...
The ECJ has utilised case law in order to add meaning to freedom of movement of workers. The concept of objective justification was put into practice in the case of Martinez Sala vs Freistaat Bayern ECR 1 2691 [1998]1 (Bernard, 2007, 68). The plaintiff was a Spanish citizen who had...
There are two central and distinct moral issues about physician-assisted suicide. First, is physician-assisted suicide morally justified in any individual cases? Second, would it be ethically justified for public and legal policy to permit physician-assisted suicide? In some cases, assisted suicide has seemed to be endorsed ahead of euthanasia; indeed,...
Introduction Personal crimes are crimes against a person; they are crimes that are directed to an individual and damage or injury can be traced on the victim. In most cases they are optimistic crimes, whereby the criminal takes the advantage of a situation. They include the following assault; battery, mayhem,...
In any law practice, the confidentiality of information forms an integral part of solving legal cases amicably. Legal stakeholders ought to keep their information confidential and above board so that, third parties do not take the privilege of it and ruin their motives. Attorney-client privilege is a situation that sees...
Organized crime There is no common definition of the term organized crime with different legal institutions defining it differently. One of the factors that have led to the term organized crime being hard to define is the inclusion of the term “organized.” There is a big list of activities that...
Introduction In the last two decades, police experts especially in the US, have come up with new philosophies that would improve and help deal with crime more effectively. These new philosophies are community policing and problem-solving policing which have attracted a lot of debate even outside the US because they...
The issue of business ethics remains controversial. For businesses to operate in a conducive environment, there are a set of laws that must adhere to. Businesses operate under different kind of laws upon which a penalty is given if the business fails to adhere to the stipulated rules. Some laws...
Introduction Knowledge-based policing is a policing approach that has surfaced recently. This kind of policing approach is based on the principles of risk analysis and management. Even though, there is no common agreement on what this kind of approach entails, it is believed to be a calculated, future-oriented and as...
Introduction Administering justice is often a very complicated task in some cases. Many nations have over time developed different ways of ensuring that they have a better way of compensating the victims of crime and punishing the perpetrators. Italy is considered the motherland of criminology since its justice system has...
Introduction to criminal justice: Criminal justice, which basically deals with criminal conduct, covers terrorism, computer crimes, drug abuse and trafficking and legal issues. Different nations have different criminal justice systems. Inquisitorial criminal justice system: It is a type of a criminal justice system in which the court is actually involved in investigations...
Executive Summary The worldwide music industry went through a series of prosperity in the last decade. There was a booming album sale which was experienced especially from 1990 to 1997. However, towards the end of the 1990s, serious decline in the volume of sales was encountered. Unfortunately, the music and...
Introduction USA Patriotic act “is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism” (Fritscher, 2007). This act gives law enforcement agencies the power to do some things that never happened before like searching private records. Moreover, it allows more foreign intelligence...
In today’s modern and diverse world, many conflicts are always erupting in our daily lives. The conflicts arise from many different aspects of our lives, for example, family, school and in business, however, the majority of the people usually prefer to resolve their conflicts peacefully and fairly without any violence...
Privacy is a human right and the Fourth Amendment affirms this right by protecting the right of the people against searches and seizures that infringe upon their privacy. “Every man’s house is his castle” (Fourth Amendment, n.d., History and Scope of the Amendment, para. 1). This was a maxim that...
People all over the world have used to the thought that Church is the sacred place, that Church is aimed to help people, and that people should trust Church. Unfortunately, there are cases when Church begins to abuse its power and tries to make people to commit wrong actions. There...
Introduction The subject of health care and its nature of fundamentality for human beings has been one of the most unsolved and most politicized in the United States. While the debate rages, minorities and non white Americans continue suffering from poor health due to their economic and social disadvantages and...
Introduction An anti-drug legislation is a law that is drafted forbidding the use of narcotic drugs by citizens. In the United States of America, it is the responsibility of the state, federal, and the local government to come up with laws that regulate the use of drugs in the country....
Introduction When two or more nation states are engaged into international agreement or contract this agreement is often referred to as treaty. Treaty is arrived at by negotiations. When parties involved creating a treaty, it invokes obligations that are binding between these parties. It provides a clear cut of responsibilities...
